如何理解逻辑与历史相一致原则? ——对近期学术界相关争鸣的反思

将逻辑与历史相一致原则视为马克思主义经济学的重要方法论,发端于恩格斯.这一原则的原初语境仅指马克思的叙述方法,与研究方法无关.马克思是按照特定社会内部结构来安排范畴出现的顺序,这一逻辑顺序与范畴的历史顺序无关.聚焦于逻辑与历史是否一致,不仅遮掩了这种叙述方法的光芒,也造成了对作为《资本论》逻辑起点的商品范畴和价值规律等重要问题的误解.学术界不应该通过逻辑与历史辩证统一等表述来进行辩护,而应该对逻辑与历史相一致原则进行彻底清算,还原马克思主义经济学叙述和建构原则的真相.     

Can interfirm trust improve firms' cooperation on environmental innovation? The moderating role of environmental hostility

Based on the logic of “trust‐behavior,” we examined the relationship between interfirm cognitive trust, emotional trust, and firms' cooperation on environmental innovation, as well as the moderating role of environmental hostility on the relationship between two dimensions of interfirm trust and cooperation on environmental innovation. Data for the study were collected from 216 firms in China. The results indicated that both interfirm cognitive trust and emotional trust were positively correlated to firms' cooperation on environmental innovation, and the effect of emotional trust on firms' cooperation on environmental innovation was negatively moderated by environmental hostility. Finally, the results were discussed and future directions put forward.     

Offshoring and skill overlap: An empirical investigation

Conventional international trade theory predicts that bilateral offshoring flows will be highest when two countries have very different relative factor endowments. In contrast, the new trade theory contends that offshoring is more likely to exist when countries’ relative factor endowments are similar. This paper empirically tests the relationship between offshoring and relative factor endowments, measured by the skill overlap index between two countries and finds evidence that there is an inverted U‐shape relationship. Our empirical results predict that the rise in educational attainment in China will motivate U.S. multinationals to send their tasks to China in the short run; over the long run, however, U.S. multinationals will have fewer incentives to send their tasks to China. This finding sheds new light on the current trade tensions between the United States and China and has implications for trade policy.     

关于公路与桥梁之间过渡段施工技术初探

本文主要分析了公路桥梁间过渡段出现不均沉降的原因以及公路桥梁间过渡段的施工技术的应用情况,此项技术对降低施工成本,提升桥梁的可靠性与安全性有重要作用。     

改进的沾滴法测量缓蚀剂预膜厚度

分析了传统沾滴法测量预膜厚度存在的问题,对原有的方法进行了改进,使用自制实验装置采用改进后的沾滴评价法测试分析了不同材质、不同管径管件的平均预膜厚度。结果表明,不同材质的管材表面吸附能力不同,导致管件平均预膜厚度相差较大,其中铜管的平均预膜厚度最大(0.05mm左右),碳钢管的平均预膜厚度最小(0.013mm左右);而管径对管件平均预膜厚度的影响很小。实验所得结果与同位素示踪法测定膜厚结果较吻合,从而说明改进后的沾滴评价法是一种室内评价管件平均预膜厚度的有效方法。     

Updating Input–Output Tables with Benchmark Table Series

Numerous methods have been proposed to update input–output (I–O) tables. They rely on the assumption that the economic structure will not change significantly during the interpolation period. However, this assumption may not always hold, particularly for countries experiencing rapid development. This study attempts to combine forecasting with a matrix transformation technique (MTT) to provide a new perspective on updating I–O tables. Under the assumption that changes in the trend of an economic structure are statistically significant, the method extrapolates I–O tables by combining time series models with an MTT and proceeds with only the total value added during the target years. A simulation study and empirical analysis are conducted to compare the forecasting performance of the MTT to the Generalized RAS (GRAS) and Kuroda methods. The results show that the comprehensive performance of the MTT is better than the performance of the GRAS and Kuroda methods, as measured by the Standardized Total Percentage Error, Theil's U and Mean Absolute Percentage Error indices.     

A quantitative perspective of Porter's industry forces framework for investment analysis

Porter's industry forces framework is an important tool for external analysis of firms, but its qualitative nature presents numerous limitations to be used in investment analysis. This study introduces a quantitative perspective of the framework using financial information proxies. This allows investors to gauge the external factors quantitatively and to gain enhanced framework usability. In order to test its validity, the correlation movements of our quantitative perspective have been analysed. For demonstration of enhanced usability, our quantitative perspective, alongside machine learning models, was used to predict business performances. The empirical results indicate that our quantitative perspective of the framework corroborates with its original definition and that it exhibits enhanced usability than the original framework.     

Rank-based Tests for Cross-sectional Dependence in Large (N,T) Fixed Effects Panel Data Models

Most existing methods for testing cross-sectional dependence in fixed effects panel data models are actually conducting tests for cross-sectional uncorrelation, which are not robust to departures of normality of the error distributions as well as nonlinear cross-sectional dependence. To this end, we construct two rank-based tests for (static and dynamic) fixed effects panel data models, based on two very popular rank correlations, that is, Kendall's tau and Bergsma–Dassios’ τ*, respectively, and derive their asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate applicability of these rank-based tests in large (N,T) case, and also the robustness to departures of normality of the error distributions and nonlinear cross-sectional dependence.     

浅谈分离式立交满堂支架的受力验算

分离式立交在工程实际中应用广泛,施工中对满堂支架的强度、刚度、稳定性的要求较高,本文以某工程为例,验算该支架能否满足工程施工的要求。     

Indifference Pricing of a GLWB Option in Variable Annuities

We investigate the valuation problem of variable annuities with guaranteed lifelong/lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) options, which give the policyholder the right to withdraw a specified amount as long as he or she lives, regardless of the performance of the investment. We assume the static approach that the policyholder’s withdrawal rate is a constant throughout the life of the contract. We apply the principle of equivalent utility to find the indifference price for a variable annuity with a GLWB contract with an equity-indexed death benefit. Using an exponential utility function, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) type partial differential equations (PDEs) are derived for the pricing functions. We first assume the mortality is deterministic, and the pricing PDE is solved numerically using a finite difference method. The effects of various parameters are investigated, including the age at inception of the policyholder, withdrawal rate, risk-free rate, and volatility of the underlying asset. We also consider a roll-up option and analyze the effect of delaying the start of the withdrawals. Another pricing PDE is derived with a stochastic mortality, when the force of mortality is modeled with a stochastic differential equation. A finite difference method is used again to solve the pricing PDE numerically, and the sensitivities of the GLWB contracts with respect to the withdrawal rate and the risk-free rate are explored.