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81.
Fiscal sociology deals with the ramifications of the fiscal activities of the state into areas which are not their primary target. These effects may occur in sectors not directly affected such as related markets, but they may also occur outside the economic sphere proper, such as in politics, culture, religion, or society at large. Schumpeter contributed to the research project of fiscal sociology throughout his life. In this first approximation, his contribution is discussed in terms of his appreciation of three important scholars who all made landmark contributions to fiscal sociology: Franz Oppenheimer, Werner Sombart, and Gustav (von) Schmoller.JEL Classification:
B15, H39 相似文献
82.
Mireille?Chiroleu-AssoulineEmail author Mouez?Fodha 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,31(4):389-403
This paper analyzes the double dividend and distributional issues within an overlapping generations model framework with involuntary unemployment. We characterize the necessary conditions needed to obtain a double dividend, when the revenue of the environmental tax is recycled by a variation of the labor tax rate. We show that an employment dividend may occur without any efficiency dividend and that the young generation is not always harmed by the fiscal reform, even without any intergenerational transfers. Therefore, three dividends (environmental, efficiency and intergenerational equity) can occur simultaneously. 相似文献
83.
Pricing-to-market (PTM) theory suggests that exporting monopolistic firms adjust their destination-specific mark-ups in the face of exchange rate shocks. A large proportion of the existing evidence for PTM comes from Wald tests applied to OLS- and IV-estimated parameters of single-equation models. Such tests can seriously over-reject in the presence of endogeneity and weak instruments so that some of the available results supporting PTM could be spurious. In this paper we revisit the PTM evidence for Japanese and German exporting firms in the transportation equipment industry. Using the model of Marston (1990), we apply exogeneity and LR-LIML-based tests for which the error probability is controlled irrespective of the quality of the available instruments. Our results show right-hand-side endogeneity in almost all of the examined PTM equations. In addition, we find that statistical decisions often differ depending on whether they are based on the traditional Wald test or on our proposed test.The authors would like to thank Philippe Barla, Jean-Thomas Bernard, Christos Constantatos, Larry Schembri, seminar participants at the Bank of Canada, and two anonymous referees for useful comments and suggestions. Thanks also to Richard Marston for providing data. Finally, a special thanks to Marjorie Santos for excellent research assistance. All remaining errors are our own and should not be attributed to the Bank of Canada.First version received: May 2002/Final version received: December 2002 相似文献
84.
This paper examines the short and long-term price linkages among major art and equity markets over the period 1976–2001. The art markets examined are Contemporary Masters, French Impressionists, Modern European, 19th Century European, Old Masters, Surrealists, 20th Century English and Modern US paintings. A global equity index (with dividends and capitalisation changes) is also included. Multivariate cointegration procedures, Granger non-causality tests, level VAR and generalised variance decomposition analyses based on error-correction and vector autoregressive models are conducted to analyse short and long-run relationships among these markets. The results indicate that there is a stationary long-run relationship and significant short and long run causal linkages between the various painting markets and between the equity market and painting markets. However, in terms of the percentage of variance explained most painting markets are relatively isolated, and other painting markets are generally more important than the equity market in explaining the variance that is not caused by innovations in the market itself. This suggests that opportunities for portfolio diversification in art works alone and in conjunction with equity markets exist, though in common with the literature in this area the study finds that the returns on paintings are much lower and the risks much higher than in conventional financial markets.The authors would like to thank delegates to the 14th Australasian Finance and Banking Conference, University of New South Wales, seminar participants at the Queensland University of Technology and Massey University, Masaki Katsuura, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. The financial assistance of a Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Business Research Initiative Grant is also gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
85.
本文通过国内三种专利的申请量来衡量技术创新能力,并分析我国各省区1998-2005年技术创新的情况。从统计数据可以看出,各省区专利申请量大多有良好增长态势,但专利申请与授权量中“外观设计”仍占绝大在多数比重,“发明”占的数量比重最小,这一比重也在迅速提高。文章还聚焦于专利申请数量位居前茅的省区如北京、广东、上海、浙江等在发明的申请量上的变化情况,发现广东省发明专利申请量稳步上升,并逐步超越其他省市。通过对1998-2004年各省市综列数据(panel data)进行计量分析对发明申请数都有正面影响,而规模以上工业企业个数的影响非常显著,这为一些省份研发支出多而发明专利申请量较少提供了一种解释。 相似文献
86.
宏观投资的影响因素与实证分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在界定宏观投资的基础上,选择储蓄、价格、利润和利率等影响因素的代表变量,建立固定资产投资的理论模型;以1985-1999年为样本区间,采用SPSS统计分析软件包,对变量数据进行相关性分析和主成分分析,构建我国固定资产投资的回归模型;通过实证分析得出我国固定资产投资各影响因素的结论并给出相应的政策含义。 相似文献
87.
广东省高速公路服务区拓展第三方物流的SWOT分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文应用SWOT分析方法,对广东省高速公路服务区功能拓展进行了探讨,研究表明:高速公路服务区借助网络的逐步完善、现代物流快速发展等,具备了拓展第三方物流的可行性。借此抛砖引玉,为高速公路服务区管理者、经营者对服务区未来发展提供参考。 相似文献
88.
Summary. We present an example of a small open economy where small increases in the world interest rate may induce a sharp decline in output and a precipitous depreciation of the exchange rate. Due to a costly state verification problem in domestic credit markets, combined with unrestricted international capital flows, our economy generates two long-run equilibria, one with low GDP and a relatively depreciated real exchange rate (RER), and one with high GDP and a relatively appreciated RER. The first is always a saddle, while the second may be a sink or a source, depending on the level of the world interest rate. A crisis is identified with the economy switching from an equilibrium path approaching the high-output steady state to the saddlepath approaching the low-output steady state. In Mexicos recent history, periods of growth associated with appreciation of the RER have alternated with periods of sharp contraction and depreciation of the RER. Our economy displays such behavior in response to changes in the world interest rate.Received: 9 April 2002, Revised: 20 March 2003JEL Classification Numbers:
E5, F4.G. Antinolfi, E. Huybens: We thank Steve Fazzari, Tim Kehoe, Todd Keister, Manuel Santos, Karl Shell and especially Bruce Smith for very helpful discussions. Jaime Calleja Alderete, Eduardo Camero Godínez, and Juan Vargas Hernández provided excellent research assistance. All remaining errors are ours. Huybens was an assistant professor in the Centro de Investigación Económica, ITAM, at the time this article was written, and part of this work was completed while Antinolfi was a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not reflect those of the World Bank or the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Correspondence to: G. Antinolfi 相似文献
89.
In this paper we analyze technological change in the Spanish economy by constructing adjusted Solow residuals, where the adjustment attempts to correct for the bias associated with the potential presence of imperfect competition, increasing returns, variable input utilization and, especially, sectoral reallocation of inputs across sectors. We refer to this modified Solow residual as a technology index. Sectoral reallocations and variable input utilization are key determinants of the differences between the aggregate Solow residual and the technology index resulting from the aggregation of estimated sectoral technological growth. We show that starting in the mid nineties, there has been a deceleration in the aggregate growth rate of technology which is basically due to the behaviour of the manufacturing sectors. Finally, our results imply that aggregate technology growth is less volatile than aggregate productivity as measured by the Solow residual. 相似文献
90.
In this paper, we aim to include rule making, implementation, monitoring and enforcement costs into the cost comparison of
policy instruments. We use a simple partial equilibrium model and apply it to the textile industry. The model includes discrete
abatement functions and costly monitoring and enforcement. The case study uses individual firm data to simulate the differences
in abatement costs and compliance decisions between firms. We compare combinations of regulatory instruments (emission taxes,
emission standards and technology standards) and enforcement instruments (criminal fines, civil fines and transaction offers).
We show that the inclusion of information, monitoring and enforcement costs indeed alters the relative cost efficiency of
the different instruments. 相似文献