Building competences for new customer value creation: An exploratory study

Recent marketing literature suggests companies to become market driving (proactive business logic, changing the rules of the market) instead of market driven (reactive business logic, customer-led). This transformation implies that companies are able to boost their capacity to create new customer value. Based on survey data of business-to-business markets, we advance a tentative model that links competence development to new customer value creation. Although exploratory in its nature, our study exhibits that companies should build three types of competences: marketing practices for external knowledge absorption, general organizational competences and supply chain/network competences. Using cluster analysis, we are able to further link these competences to the capacity of new value creation. Four clusters are detected with different degrees of expertise in new value creation and each displaying their own profile of competences. Becoming market driving requires an integrated and balanced view on marketing practices.     

Two Views of Efficiency in Indian Agriculture

The frontier profit functions and the optimum demand for hired labor are estimated separately for small and large farms to test the hypothesis of differential efficiency attributable to size and technology. The optimum demand for hired labor is compared against actual demand to measure efficiency in labor utilization, estimated for individual farms, under both certainty and uncertainty cases. The empirical results are based on 1969–70 farm-level data from Punjab and Haryana States in India. Small farm group is less efficient than large farms in achieving the frontier (maximal) profit. Under the profit maximizing behavior with certainty in production, both small and large farms acquired less than optimal amount of hired labor, but small farms acquired much less than large farms. Uncertainty in production, prices, and risk aversion on the part of farmers seems to discourage the demand for hired labor on the basis of estimates using the “safety-first” risk model. Small farms appeared to experience a higher degree of uncertainty measured by comparative variability in production. Even after adjustment for greater uncertainty and risk aversion, small farms remained less efficient in demand for labor, treating other inputs as fixed. Les fonctions frontaliéres de profit et la demande optimale pour la main-d'oeuvre ensasée sont estimées séparément pour des petites et grandes exploitations agricoles pour vérifier l'hypothése d'efficacité différentielle attribuable é l'importance de l'exploitation et à la technologie. La demande optimale pour la main-d'oeuvre engagée est com-parée contre la demande actuelle pour mesurer l'efficacité dans l'utilisation de la main-d'oeuvre. Cette demande est estimee pour des exploitations agricoles individuelles, dans les deux cas de certitude et d'incertitude. Les résultats empiriques sont basés sur les données au niveau d'exploitation agricole pendant les années 1969 è 1970 des Etats Punjab et Haryana de l'lnde. Un petit groupe d'exploitations agricolesest moins efficace que des grandes exploitations agricoles pour réaliser un profit (maximal) frontalier. Sous les manieres qui portent au profit maximum avec certitude de production, les petites et grandes exploitations agricoles toutes les deux obtiennent un montant d'engagés moins que optimal, mais les petites exploitations agricoles en obtiennent beaucoup moins que les grandes exploitations agricoles. L'incertitude de production, de prix, et l'aversion de risque de la part des fermiers semblent décourager la demande pour la main-d'oeuvre engagée en se ba-sant sur les évaluations qui viennent du modéle de risque “securité d'a-bord.” Les petites exploitations agricoles semblent expérimenter un plus haut degré d'incertitude mesurépar la variabilite comparativé de production. Même après l'ajustage pour une plus grande incertitude et l'aversion de risque, les petites exploitations agricoles demeurent moins efficaces pour la demande de main-d'oeuvre, traitant les autres entries comme fixes.     

Entrepreneurship in the Street Food Sector of Vietnam—Assessment of Psychological Success and Failure Factors

We tested the hypothesis that process characteristics of action strategies were related to entrepreneurial success in microbusinesses in the urban informal sector of Vietnam. The process characteristics were divided into four strategies: critical point planning, complete planning, opportunistic, and reactive. Success was defined as a combination of economic and subjective measures. A survey was done in Hue and Hanoi (Vietnam) among 102 street food vendors. With 62 vendors of this sample, we held in-depth interviews, which were used to test our hypotheses. The results showed that seventy percent of the business owners did not plan much. Opportunistic and planning strategies were most highly related to success, and a reactive strategy was related to failure. The latter replicates other studies in other developing countries.     

School Staff Autonomy and Educational Performance: Within‐School‐Type Evidence

In this paper, we show the effect of school staff autonomy on educational performance. The value‐added compared to the existing body of literature is that we employ variation in autonomy within the same country and within the same school type in order to reduce the omitted variable problem. To fully capture the informational advantage of local actors, we define autonomy as the operational empowerment of the school's direction and teachers. The Flemish secondary school system in Belgium is analysed because it displays unique within‐school‐type variation in school staff autonomy. This variation originates from autonomously operating school governing bodies that can group multiple schools and are free to delegate responsibilities to the school staff. This variation is likely exogenous because it is mainly driven by approximately random variation in characteristics and composition of the school boards. Combining detailed school‐level and pupil‐level data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 study with a semi‐parametric hierarchical model, we find a strong positive effect of school staff autonomy on educational performance. The result is shown to be robust to problems of reverse causality and simultaneity.     

Multiplicative-error models with sample selection

This paper presents a simple approach to deal with sample selection in models with multiplicative errors. Models for non-negative limited dependent variables such as counts fit this framework. The approach builds on a specification of the conditional mean of the outcome only and is, therefore, semiparametric in nature. GMM estimators are constructed for both cross-section data and for panel data. We derive distribution theory and present Monte Carlo evidence on the finite-sample performance of the estimators.     

On the proportionality of EU spatial ex ante coexistence regulations: Reply

Desquilbet and Bullock (2010) criticize some aspects of our analysis of the European Union’s (EU) spatial ex ante coexistence regulations (SEACERs) of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops presented in Demont et al. (2009). We argue that, besides misinterpreting some of our original arguments, the authors propose a policy analysis framework which is inconsistent with the main goal of the EU’s SEACERs. Their example incorrectly suggests that SEACERs play an additional role of regulating non-GM crop supply on the market. This would be inefficient from a policy economics perspective, especially in an open economy where global trade is taken into account. Therefore, we argue that analyzing flexibility of SEACERs in a market framework could lead to erroneous conclusions and in that case a simple farm level analysis such as presented in Demont et al. (2009) is preferred.     

Debugging the system: the impact of dispersion on the identity of software team members

This paper looks at the impact of dispersion of groups of software workers on team and organizational identification. The paper examines at two case studies of software organizations operating in Scotland. One case study is drawn from a software division of a large national telecommunications company, the other from a medium-sized indigenous software firm. Within each organization we examined groups of employees based within and outwith their employing organizations. Our results were broadly consistent with established work within other sectors in finding that the team largely replaced the organization as a focus for identification. However, we also found that there was no difference in the salience of organizational identification between dispersed employees and those based within their employing organization. For many employees the focus on the team as opposed to the organization was a way of reducing subjective uncertainty within a changing corporate environment. Finally, we established that it is team identification rather than organizational identification for software workers that is a greater determinant of affective outcomes such as job satisfaction. The results of this study impact upon contemporary theories of HRM, which promote the design of work systems in order to engender commitment to, and identification with, the organization.