The Catching-up of Japanese with German Industries: Production Organization, Infrastructure, and R&D

This paper presents an empirical productivity comparison between Japan and Germany, focusing on organization, R&D and infrastructure. Time-series datasets from the auto vehicle and electronic engineering industries are used to demonstrate the reversal in productivity advantage from Germany to Japan at around 1980. It is argued that Japanese productivity gains arose from a better infrastructure and from cost-reducing innovations such as lean production methods. An econometric model determines the causes for the observed differences in the quantities of inputs used. It shows that frequent external procurement in Japanese manufacturing has shifted the factor inputs from labor and capital to materials, a result in line with the philosophy of lean production.     

The Role of Current Cost Accounting for Financial Reporting and Regulation in Utility Industries

This article considers the role of accounting, in particular current cost accounting (CCA), in influencing perceptions of financial performance and consequently regulatory decisions in utility industries over the past 25 years. It examines the accounting practices of nationalized industries, and how privatization affected accounting in utilities. It concludes with a discussion of more recent developments in relation to regulatory accounts and their role in regulatory decision-making.     

Multivariate fractionally integrated APARCH modeling of stock market volatility: A multi-country study

Tse (1998) proposes a model which combines the fractionally integrated GARCH formulation of Baillie, Bollerslev and Mikkelsen (1996) with the asymmetric power ARCH specification of Ding, Granger and Engle (1993). This paper analyzes the applicability of a multivariate constant conditional correlation version of the model to national stock market returns for eight countries. We find this multivariate specification to be generally applicable once power, leverage and long-memory effects are taken into consideration. In addition, we find that both the optimal fractional differencing parameter and power transformation are remarkably similar across countries. Out-of-sample evidence for the superior forecasting ability of the multivariate FIAPARCH framework is provided in terms of forecast error statistics and tests for equal forecast accuracy of the various models.     

Risk Adjustment and Trading Strategies

We assess the profitability of momentum strategies using a stochasticdiscount factor approach. In unconditional tests, approximatelyhalf of the strategies' profitability is explained. In conditionaltests we see a further slight decline in profits. We argue thatthe risk of these strategies should be increasing in the marketrisk premium. Empirically, while their risk measures estimatedrelative to the stochastic discount factor behave as predicted,market betas do not; thus capital asset pricing model (CAPM)-likebenchmarks may lead to incorrect inferences. Given that ournonparametric risk adjustment explains roughly half of momentumstrategy profits, we cannot rule out the possibility of residualmispricing.     

Managing Urban Deer

Conflicts are emerging between humans and wildlife populations adaptable to the high density of humans found in urban and suburban areas. In response to these threats, animal control programs are typically designed with the objective of establishing and maintaining a stable population. This article challenges this view by studying the management of urban deer in Irondequoit, NY. Pulsing controls can be more efficient than steady-state regimes under a wide range of conditions in both deterministic and stochastic environments, but potential gains can be dissipated by management constraints. The effect of citizen opposition to lethal control methods is also investigated.     

Death and jackpot: Why do individual investors hold overpriced stocks?

Campbell, Hilscher, and Szilagyi (2008) show that firms with a high probability of default have abnormally low average future returns. We show that firms with a high potential for default (death) also tend to have a relatively high probability of extremely large (jackpot) payoffs. Consistent with an investor preference for skewed, lottery-like payoffs, stocks with high predicted probabilities for jackpot returns earn abnormally low average returns. Stocks with high death or jackpot probabilities have relatively low institutional ownership and the jackpot effect we find is much stronger in stocks with high limits to arbitrage.     

The economics of a stock pollutant: Aldicarb on Long Island

This paper develops a dynamic model of groundwater contamination by the pesticide aldicarb on eastern Long Island. We estimate what the likely concentration would have been under static profit maximization and the marginal damage coefficient implied by the New York State health standard of 7 ppb. Based on our model, it appears that the concentration of aldicarb will not decline below 7 ppb until 1996 and that the shadow price of the current health standard is about $475,000 per year.     

The structure of consumer preferences,Federal Republic of Germany, 1950–1973

Summary The objective of this paper is to analyze the structure of consumer preferences and changes in preferences over time. Consumer preferences are represented by an indirect translog utility function with time-varying preferences that is quadratic in the logarithms of its arguments. We consider a system of demand functions associated with parameter restrictions consistent with the theory. We characterize groupwise separability and groupwise homotheticity of preferences and derive for each set of restrictions on preferences parametric restrictions on the corresponding system of demand functions. Empirical results of the tests, based on time series data for FRG consumption expenditures on three commodity groups — durables, non-durables, and energy — are presented.     

The Subjective Culture of Public Sector Women and Men Managers: A Common Instrumental/Expressive Value Orientation or,Two Different Worlds?

La logique du type associatif de 91 gestionnaires canadiens anglophones de sexe féminin et 92 gestionnaires canadiens anglophones de sexe masculin a été comparée au moyen d'une analyse du contenu des antécédents et conséquents (méthode Triandis et al.; 1972) relatifs à 11 valeurs de travail et 10 valeurs personnelles. Les échantillons de ces gestionnaires de la Fonction Publique du Canada étaient semblables pour l'ǎge, le statut socioéconomique et les années d'expérience en gestion. Une recension des écrits suggère qu'il n'y a pas de différence quant à leur orientation aux valeurs en ce qui concerne les catégories expressives vs. instrumentales. L'analyse du contenu dans ces catégories démontre que la connotation de ces concepts de valeurs étaient équivalents pour ces gestionnaires, quelque soit leur sexe. Le Rho = 0.91 pour les antécédents et 0.97 pour les conséquences pour les gestionnaires femmes vs. hommes, nous donnent une estimation de cette équivalence. Ces résultats sont interprétés comme reflétant un haut niveau de similitude de fonctionnement et une équivalence interne dans les schèmes de référence dans la culture subjective (la logique du type associatif) des hommes et des femmes gestionnaires à l'intérieur de la Fonction Publique.