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991.
This study, using a survey of rural households in Zimbabwe in 1990/91, focuses on the effects of changing household composition on patterns of expenditure and provides estimates of the ‘cost of a child’ as well as of family members in other age groups. In addition to age differences in the size and direction of responses to changing family composition, the paper highlights significant differences across product groups. These effects are more muted in larger households. 相似文献
992.
The capacity of expert accounting witnesses to provide understandable evidence has been challenged by Australian judges. They have assessed expert accounting evidence as the most difficult evidence, from eight disciplinary areas, for them to evaluate adequately. This paper reports the responses of a sample of ten expert accounting witnesses to such assessment. We reveal the difficulties these accounting experts have experienced in presenting evidence. These include the unfamiliarity of judges and barristers with commercial principles; the intimidatory environment of courts; and outmoded attitudes to the use of modern communication aids. Several ways of improving expert accounting evidence are canvassed, including the provision of communications skills training for accountants and financial literacy training for judges and barristers. 相似文献
993.
This study examines the personal backgrounds, business objectives, modes of operation, and degrees of success of Korean greengrocers
and Hispanic grocery store owners in the New York metropolitan area. In so doing, the study seeks to uncover factors that
may condition differential business performance among all groups of imigrant entrepreneurs, including Koreans and Hispanics.
A survey of 40 Korean and 72 Hispanic businesspersons revealed that both groups tended to work equally hard in terms of the
number of hours worked in the business per week. However, the Korean greengrocers were found to be more successful in terms
of the profitability and cash flow generated by their stores. The primary reason for this difference appeared to be the fact
that Korean business practices were guided mainly by the profit motive, while those of Hispanics were influenced by such nonmonetary
concerns as independence and personal satisfaction. These findings led the authors to conclude that there are alternative
measures of material “success” and that the equally strong efforts of both groups of immigrant entrepreneurs have resulted
in two different, but important kinds of success. Certain policy implications of this conclusion could lead to further immigrant
participation in small business.
This study was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DAR-8011625). 相似文献
994.
The double hurdle model is used to analyse the off‐farm labour decisions of small‐scale agricultural household members in the Shamva District of Zimbabwe. The approach permits the joint modelling of the decision to participate in the labour market and the decision regarding the amount of time allocated to work. Results indicate that a number of variables (notably, gender, education and assets) indeed have effects which are qualitatively and quantitatively different in terms of participation and hours worked. Overall, the empirical analysis confirms the importance of individual characteristics (such as gender and education) and household/farm characteristics (e.g. land area accessible to the household, productive assets, remittances and the agricultural terms of trade) in influencing the labour market decisions of rural household members. 相似文献
995.
A multinomial logit model is a useful approach in the study of the allocation of a fixed resource between alternative uses. Here a geometric mean form of the system is presented and a number of theoretical and empirical issues are explored. In particular, its performance is compared with the use of double logarithmic equations estimated separately. As an illustration of the methodology, an allocation model of UK cereals area is specified and estimated in both static and dynamic forms. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Steven Young 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》1999,26(7&8):833-862
This paper evaluates the extent of predictable measurement error induced by five alternative approaches to the estimation of discretionary accruals. The source and magnitude of the error is assessed by reference to the strength of the association between the discretionary accrual estimate and proxies for the non-discretionary components of total accruals. Results indicate that discretionary accruals generated by the Healy model are associated with the highest level of predictable measurement error. While the remaining four models generate significantly lower error levels, the magnitude of error remains highly significant. Findings highlight the limitations of existing models and emphasise the need for further developments in relation to the measurement of earnings management activity. 相似文献
999.
Hye‐Young Kim 《Journal of Marketing Communications》2013,19(5):367-385
Advertising designed around the ‘value’ notion represents a way to deal with widespread retail competition and knowledgeable, empowered consumers. This study empirically examines the influence of receptivity to advertising messages (RTAM) on desired shopping values and assesses whether this relationship is moderated by gender, age, and income. The structural model indicates that, compared to low‐RTAM shoppers, high‐RTAM shoppers tend to perceive each of the six value dimensions, (i.e. monetary cost saving, time cost saving, energy cost saving, post‐sale customer support, engaging store environment, and personal leisure experience) as more important in making a retail patronage decision. Further analysis shows that the links from RTAM to monetary cost saving and to post‐sale customer support are stronger for younger male shoppers. Another interesting finding is that the link from RTAM to monetary cost saving is stronger for high‐income shoppers whereas the link from RTAM to engaging store environment is stronger for low‐ and middle‐income shoppers. If retail advertisers are aware of the value dimensions that are crucial to the high‐RTAM segment within specific target markets, they could achieve advertising goals more effectively and efficiently through tailored advertising messages. 相似文献
1000.
Craig Holmes 《Journal of public economics》2010,94(1-2):129-130
Diamond and Koszegi [Diamond, P. and Koszegi, B. (2003), “Quasi-Hyperbolic Preferences and Retirement,” Journal of Public Economics, 87: 1839–1972] have argued that quasi-hyperbolic discounting can cause dynamic inconsistency in planning when to retire as well as in consumption plans. This comment shows that in a simple model with such preferences, retirement plans are never time-inconsistent, as these same preferences keep savings too low for individuals to ever be able to afford unplanned early retirement. Although only a simple example is presented here to demonstrate the point, this insight suggests the application of ordiamond03's framework should be reconsidered. The model presented needs to be extended to find robust general conclusions. 相似文献