Recasting Urban Governance through Leeds City Lab: Developing Alternatives to Neoliberal Urban Austerity in Co‐production Laboratories

This article reports on a research project, Leeds City Lab, that brought together partner organizations to explore the meanings and practices of co‐production in the context of urban change. Our intention is to offer a response to the crisis in urban governance by combining the growing academic and practitioner debates on co‐production and urban laboratories in order to explore radically different institutional personae that can respond to deficits in contemporary urban governance, especially relating to participation and disenfranchisement, and ultimately unlock improved ways of designing, managing and living in cities. Our analysis has identified four key ways in which co‐production labs can recast urban governance to more progressive ends: by moving beyond traditional organizational identities and working practices, embracing grey spaces of new civic interfaces, foregrounding emotions and power and committing to durable solutions. Ultimately, what we point towards is that urban governance can be more effectively enacted in co‐production labs that bring together universities and the public, private and civil society sectors on a basis of equality, trust and openness. These spaces have the potential to unlock a city's knowledge, resources and assets, to unpack complex challenges and to build capacity to deliver improved city‐wide solutions.     

The Value of Pole Position in Formula 1 History

In this article, we study the effect of the Pole Position in Formula 1 history on the outcome of the race. Using data for every race between 1950 and 2013, we use two approaches to quantify the effect of being on Pole. First, we estimate the effect on the probability of winning the race using a logit model. Second, we estimate a Poisson model to express the effect in terms of finishing positions. We find that the Pole sitter does have a significant advantage over the other drivers on the grid: two positions at the finish line or about a 10 percentage point higher probability of winning the race. These estimates capture the effect controlling for various confounding factors and a rich set of fixed effects, including driver ability, track characteristics and constructor performance. We also document that the effect varies over seasons.     

Integrated Reporting: A Review of Developments and their Implications for the Accounting Curriculum

Integrated reporting (IR) is a major development in a number of sustainability-related accounting initiatives and, if widely adopted, will require significant developments in professional and university accounting curricula. These will include: a strategic rather than operational or transactional focus; longer- rather than short-term outlook; prospective rather than retrospective analysis; qualitative commentary as well as quantitative information; and reports on wider business performance metrics rather than on narrower external financial reporting data or audit compliance. This paper reports on ACCA's support of and response to the latest initiatives in IR, in particular the impact this will have on the education and training of accountants in order to reflect these new principles to prepare the twenty-first-century accountant for a much more challenging role in the near future. These developments can only be in the wider public interest of improving the relevance of information for decision-making, for all stakeholders, and allow greater efficiency in the allocation of financial and other resources and in adding public value.     

Barro's fertility equations: the robustness of the role of female education and income

Barro and Lee (1994) and Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995) find that real per-capita GDP and both male and female education have important effects on fertility in their cross-country empirical studies. In order to assess the robustness of their results, their estimated models are subjected to specification and diagnostic testing, the effects on the model of using the improved Barro and Lee (1996) cross-country data on educational attainment of the population aged 15 and over are examined, and the different specifications used by Barro and Lee and by Barro and Sala-i-Martin compared. The results obtained suggest that their fertility equations do not perform well in terms of diagnostic testing, and are very sensitive to the use of different vintages of the educational attainment proxies and of the Summers-Heston cross-country income data. A robust explanation of fertility, to link with empirical growth equations, has, therefore, not yet been found; further work is required in this area.     

Women as Managers in the United States and China: A Cross-Cultural Study

This article investigated Chinese and U.S. attitudes toward women as managers with the goal of establishing an empirical basis for comparison and understanding of the glass ceiling potential in each culture. The authors used the Women as Managers Scale (WAMS) to measure perceptions of 919 U.S. and Chinese participants. Results indicated differences in perceptions by gender and nationality. Overall, women were perceived less favorably as managers by Chinese and U.S. males as compared to perceptions of Chinese and U.S. female participants. Findings are discussed in terms of existing research and areas for future research are suggested.     

A diagnostic approach to intra-metropolitan spatial targeting: Evidence from Cape Town,South Africa

This article ascribes poor returns from place-based economic policy to prevailing spatial norms and causal assumptions which continue to influence its deployment across South African cities. By elevating the local over the systemic as the cause of and solution to urban problems, spatial targeting in the telescopic mould gives rise to three forms of spatial bias which lock in suboptimal local outcomes and gradually undermine the resilience of the urban system. Place-based policy should instead be guided by a systemic and relational evaluation of local economic potentiality supported by data-driven planning tools. The article introduces one such tool developed by the City of Cape Town, focusing on its theoretical basis, initial findings and implications for intervention. We find that the tool represents a robust platform for policy-makers to make targeting decisions that are more evidence led and hence less arbitrary.     

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MRIO DATABASES

This editorial is the introduction to a special issue of Economics Systems Research on the topic of intercomparison of multi-regional input–output (MRIO) databases and analyses. It explains the rationale for dedicating an issue of this journal to this area of research. Then the six papers chosen for this issue are introduced. This is followed by a concluding section outlining future directions for developers and users of MRIO databases.     

Backyard Soweto

Backyard accommodation is widespread in South African cities; a phenomenon that is rare in most other parts of the world. Such a ‘solution’ is an outcome of past and present policies and this article demonstrates that over the years there have been certain similarities in government policy between Chile and South Africa, the only other country with significant numbers of families living in backyard accommodation. However, Sowetan backyard dwellers are different from their contemporaries in Chile. Sowetans do not usually have family relationships with people in the main structure. They also live in significantly worse conditions, in terms both of the quality of the structure and the services available. The backyard dwellers are not likely to disappear quickly. As such, there is a vital need to develop some kind of response to improve their current living conditions. The government is correct to argue that it is seeking to help those in the backyards through its housing subsidy programme, but to presume that a subsidized home is going to be available to most backyard families in the next ten years is surely wishful thinking. As such, something should be done to improve living conditions in the backyard shacks and to do this it is important to know who is living there. The article provides the empirical information that will allow an appropriate policy to be defined. Habiter une arrière‐cour est un phénomène courant dans les villes sud‐africaines, contrairement à la plupart des autres régions du monde, cette ‘solution’ résultant de politiques passées et présentes. L'article démontre qu'au fil des années, certaines similitudes se sont dessinées dans les axes gouvernementaux en Afrique du Sud et au Chili, seul autre pays comptant un nombre significatif de familles vivant dans des arrière‐cours. Toutefois, ces habitants de Soweto se singularisent par un point: ils n'ont généralement aucun lien familial avec les résidents de l'habitation principale; de plus, ils vivent dans des conditions nettement plus mauvaises que leurs équivalents chiliens, en termes de qualité du bâtiment et des services disponibles. Il est peu probable que cette population disparaisse rapidement. De ce fait, la situation nécessite une réponse impérative pour améliorer les conditions de vie existantes. Le gouvernement assure à juste titre qu'il cherche à aider ces familles au travers de son programme d'accès au logement, mais supposer que la majorité d'entre elles disposera d'une habitation subventionnée dans les dix prochaines années tient certainement de la pure fiction. En conséquence, si l'on veut tenter d'améliorer les conditions dans les baraques des arrière‐cours, il est important de savoir qui y vit. L'article présente les informations empiriques qui contribueront à l'établissement d'une politique publique appropriée.