Fine-scale conservation planning outside of reserves: Cost-effective selection of retention patches at final harvest

Retaining forest patches at final harvest is a key conservation measure in boreal forests, but guidelines for how to increase its cost-effectiveness are lacking. In a study in boreal Sweden, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three different approaches a forest owner may use to select patches: selection based on the conservation value of patches alone, economic cost alone or both of them combined. We also compared the cost-effectiveness of six different common types of patches. Conservation value was measured as species richness of bryophytes and lichens and as structural characteristics of patches. Compared to the selection approach in which both conservation value and cost were used, cost-effectiveness was 5-14% lower when only conservation value was used, depending on how conservation value was measured. On the contrary, using only the economic cost decreased the cost-effectiveness by only 1-2%. Among the patch types, swamp forest areas and deciduous tree groups were cost-effective types to retain. However, the patch types were complementary in their species composition and all hosted unique species. We argue that, ideally, assessments of both conservation values and economic costs of retaining patches should be made prior to harvest to enable planners to make well-informed and cost-effective decisions.     

生态系统服务功能评估在土地利用总体规划环境影响评价中的应用——以黑龙江省大庆市为例

环境影响评价在土地利用规划中的应用研究已经广泛开展,将生态系统服务功能价值核算应用到环境影响评价中,对大庆市1996—2010年土地利用总体规划进行环境影响评价。结果表明:研究期内,大庆市土地利用类型中未利用地和牧草地面积净减少;湿地、林地和居民及建筑用地面积净增加,其中湿地增加最多;大庆市生态系统服务总价值从1996年373.71×108元增加到2010年的787.07×108元,在规划期内净增加了413.35×108元,单项功能服务价值全部在增加,其中废物处理、气候调节和水源涵养增幅最大,这主要是由气候调节作用强的林地增加和水源涵养系数最高的水域增加共同引起的。人均生态服务价值也保持增长的趋势,增长的变化率为83.61%,说明该规划对大庆市生态环境状况的改善起到了促进作用,有利于生态环境保护目标的实现。     

构建和谐社会应当建立完善的利益均衡框架

中共十六届六中全会通过了《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》,其中指出保障社会公平正义,必须要加强制度建设.从十六届四中全会中央提出了构建和谐社会的理念和目标到此次强调要通过制度建设来保障社会公平,这表明,我党不仅不断提高着对构建和谐社会的重视程度,更重要的是决心通过制度来解决现行社会中所存在的不平等现象,巩固我党执政基础、维护社会稳定.     

Economic reforms,efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking

This paper analyzes the impact of banking reforms on efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change in Chinese banking industry. Using an input distance function, we find that joint-equity banks are more efficient than wholly state-owned banks (WSOBs). Furthermore, both WSOBs and joint-equity banks are found to be operating slightly below their optimal size, suggesting potential advantages in expansion of their businesses. Overall, TFP growth was 4.4% per annum for the sample period 1993–2002. Joint-equity banks experienced much higher growth in TFP (5.5% per annum) compared to the WSOBs (1.4% per annum).      

大学生社会主义核心价值观内化的策略研究

市场经济条件下,多元文化的冲击使当代大学生的价值目标从理想主义趋向关注现实,使大学生的价值观念由集体主义趋向关注个人。在大学生价值观教育中,要实现社会主义核心价值观的内化,应坚持整体性原则,营造良好的育人环境;要发挥榜样激励作用,开展典型示范教育;要积极搭建社会平台,加强大学生社会实践;要创新教育形式,发挥新媒体的优势。     

酒店管理专业实习过程管理研究

专业实习是酒店管理专业学生学习过程中必不可少的实践教学环节,从形式上来说,几乎所有的酒店管理专业都比较重视专业实习环节,但通常情况下,实际的实习效果和预期的实习目标之间还存在着较大偏差。针对酒店管理专业实习现存的各种问题,通过问卷调查、实习日志阅读、师生交流等方式进行信息搜集和探索研究,意在为酒店实习的过程管理提供相应对策,改善实习效果,实现酒店管理专业的可持续发展。     

《大乘大义章》与印度佛教中国化

《大乘大义章》是研究罗什与慧远佛学思想的重要著作,也是研究印度佛教思想和印度佛教中国化的重要著作。《大乘大义章》显示出罗什与慧远在佛学思想上的差别,同时也反映出中印佛教文化在本质上的不同。这两种不同文化的冲突预示着印度佛教中国化的发展方向。