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211.
Bank stock repurchases have become increasingly popular over time. Because of the unique capital requirements and regulatory constraints on the use of bank funds, the intraindustry effects of bank stock repurchases may differ from intraindustry effects of stock repurchases by other firms. We find that bank stock repurchases result in a positive and significant valuation effect for the repurchasing banks. Moreover, we find positive significant intraindustry effects of bank stock repurchases, unlike previous research by Hertzel on firms from numerous industries that found no evidence of intraindustry effects in response to stock repurchases. We attribute the difference in results to the unique characteristics of the banking industry, which results in a less ambiguous signal emitted from the stock repurchase announcement. In addition, we find that the intraindustry effects are more favorable when the valuation effect for the repurchasing bank is more favorable. This implies that the degree of signal to the industry is conditioned on the degree of signal about the bank that is repurchasing its shares. Furthermore, intraindustry effects are more favorable when the capital position of rival banks is high, when the proportion of residential loans of rival banks is low, and when the announcing bank is a money center bank.  相似文献   
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In a roundtable published in this journal a year ago, there was a clear consensus that the R&D function in big pharma was inefficient and in need of major restructuring, possibly through increased investments by venture capital and private equity firms. In this discussion, an accomplished group of industry practitioners begins by looking at the prospects for both venture capital and private equity to play meaningful roles in financing early- and mid-stage drug development. In so doing, they explore questions like the following:
  • • Are there ways for big pharma and biotech to reduce “science risk” and make R&D funding more profitable and attractive to venture capital and private equity—and perhaps even hedge funds?
  • • What roles do you see for specialty PE firms like Symphony Capital and Paul Capital, which are now bundling mid-stage development assets and securitizing royalties?
Then the panelists turn to the broader life sciences industry and consider the outlook for leveraged private equity transactions involving marketed products, late-stage development, and services. Here they consider issues like the following:
  • • Will PE be attracted to less-R&D-intensive activities like medtech and generics?
  • • Have the recent consolidation through mergers and reorganization of big pharma into decentralized business units created opportunities for carve-outs of certain businesses?
For big pharma and life sciences companies in general, the answers to such questions point to greater specialization and focus achieved partly through strategic alliances with venture capital, private equity, and even hedge funds, and involving marketed products and services as well as early-stage drug development.  相似文献   
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Economic values of biological collections in three Australian botanic gardens in Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney were estimated using the travel‐cost method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM). The TCM component of the study produced average per‐trip consumer surplus (CS) values of $39 and $18 for single‐ and multiple‐site visitors, respectively, for each botanic garden, resulting in an estimate of approximately $194 million for the total social welfare generated by trips to the three sites. Marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for access to botanic gardens was also investigated through payment vehicles of entry fees or higher parking charges using the CVM component. The analysis revealed a positive mean WTP of between $3 and $5 per trip per person. The difference between the CVM and TCM results reflect the different underlying concepts of value under investigation: average CS per visit for the TCM and the utility arising from a marginal visit for the CVM. Marginal changes in CS from the TCM were derived. The confidence intervals from the TCM marginal values overlap the WTP estimates from the CVM. These findings will be useful for resource management decisions in the botanic gardens collection in Australia.  相似文献   
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In this study, the authors examine the effects of commitment‐based human resource management practices on the performance of small businesses. These effects are examined through the mediators of employee involvement and quit rates. In addition, they contribute to arguments that the effect of human resource management practices on performance takes place through the establishment and support of exchange relationships with employees. Using responses from CEOs and employees of small businesses, their results indicate that human resource practices in small businesses that are based on leaders' views of employee commitment are positively related to revenue growth and perceptions of performance. Further, the authors found that employee involvement and quit rates mediate these relationships.  相似文献   
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This article examines three issues. These are, first, the need for the 2010 Commonwealth intervention in the health sector; secondly, the reasons why the sector still needs major reform despite this intervention and thirdly, the broad options for reform. The conclusions reached are, first, that the intervention is anticlimactic but necessary in the absence of tax reform; secondly, that the system is inefficient and inequitable primarily because of two deficiencies, namely information and governance structures and thirdly that the best path to follow would be to create limited diversity and the depoliticisation of all but the largest decisions. It is argued that in the absence of market price signals, the driver of dynamic efficiency should be the generation, proactive dissemination and use of information on a scale which has not been envisaged in previous proposals.  相似文献   
219.
Utility firms are subject to peculiar regulatory characteristics that may allow for unique wealth effects resulting from acquisitions. The wealth effects derived from acquisitions of utility firms is measured and the analysis reveals negative wealth effects for acquirers and positive wealth effects for targets. However, the wealth effects are generally less favorable for utility firm acquirers than other acquirer firms because of the regulatory barriers that prevent them from pursuing attractive targets.  相似文献   
220.
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