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31.
Shakun Datta 《Experimental Economics》2007,10(2):197-198
This dissertation comprises three independent essays that analyze pricing behavior in experimental duopoly markets.
The first essay examines whether the content of buyer information and the timing of its dissemination affects seller market
power. We construct laboratory markets with differentiated goods and costly buyer search in which sellers simultaneously post
prices. The experiment varies the information on price or product characteristics that buyers learn under different timing
assumptions (pre- and post-search), generating four information treatments. Theory predicts that price information lowers
the equilibrium price, but information about product characteristics increases the equilibrium price. That is, contrary to
simple intuition, presence of informed buyers may impart a negative externality on other uninformed buyers. The data support
the model's negative externality result when sellers face a large number of robot buyers that are programmed to search optimally.
Observed prices conform to the model's comparative statics and are broadly consistent with predicted levels. With human buyers,
however, excessive search instigates increased price competition and sellers post prices that are significantly lower than
predicted.
The second essay uses experimental methods to demonstrate the anti-competitive potential of price-matching guarantees in both
symmetric and asymmetric cost duopolies. When costs are symmetric, price-matching guarantees increase the posted prices to
the collusive level. With asymmetric costs, guaranteed prices remain high relative to prices without the use of guarantees,
but the overall ability of guarantees to act as a collusion facilitating device depends on the relative cost difference. Fewer
guarantees, combined with lower average prices, suggest that cost asymmetries may discourage collusion.
The third essay investigates the effect of firm size asymmetry on the emergence of price leadership in a homogeneous good
duopoly. With discounting, the unique subgame-perfect equilibrium predicts that the large firm will emerge as the endogenous
price leader. Independent of the level of size asymmetry, the laboratory data indicates that price leadership by the large
firm is one of the most frequently observed timings of price announcement. In most cases, however, it comes second to simultaneous
price-setting. This tendency to wait for the other firm to announce its price is especially strong when the level of size
asymmetry between firms is low. We attribute the lower than expected frequency of price leadership to coordination failure,
which is further compounded by elements of inequity aversion.
JEL Classification C91, D43, D83, L11
Dissertation Committee:
Timothy Cason (Chair), Department of Economics, Purdue University
Dan Kovenock, Department of Economics, Purdue University
Stephen Martin, Department of Economics, Purdue University
Marco Casari, Department of Economics, Purdue University 相似文献
32.
A modified version of the partial‐equilibrium gravity model, originally proposed by Fukao et al. (2003 ), is employed to investigate the changing pattern of US textile trade. We use US Bilateral Manufacturing Imports and Exports data for 1989–2001 to assess the impact of labor wages, tariffs, and exchange rates on the composition of US textile imports before and after the creation of NAFTA. The analysis is performed at the SIC two‐digit industry level and the more disaggregated four‐digit sector level. We find little evidence of trade diversion in textiles frequently attributed to NAFTA, while trade creation is clearly present. Furthermore, lower wages in some textile‐exporting countries (e.g. countries in Asia) do not appear to significantly increase these countries' shares of US textile imports at the expense of other trading partners. However, variations in currency exchange rates and tariffs have substantial effects on the composition of US imports. 相似文献
33.
Uma Datta Roy Choudhury 《Review of Income and Wealth》1972,18(3):267-287
At present two systems of measurement of national product are in practice, one as defined in the UN System of National Accounts (SNA) and the other termed the Material Product System (MPS) or National Balances for the Economy. In the present paper, an expanded system of accounts integrating the national balances within the framework of a simplified SNA has been suggested. The accounts suggested are mainly the two sets of (i) Supply, Disposition and Domestic Production of goods and services and Consumption Expenditure of Budget and Mixed Organisations and the Population, and (ii) Income and Outlay and Capital Formation Accounts. The system is convenient not only for arriving at estimates by either of the two approaches, but is readily manageable. This set of accounts can, without any effort, be put in the form of a matrix leading to its ultimate integration with either the UN System of National Accounts or a modified system of national balances. The system gives not only the integrated system of SNA and national balances, but also a coded list of transactors and transactions within the economy. This coded list can be used as the first set of information for the creation of the economic data bank for the Integrated Statistical Information System. 相似文献
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36.
Based on the authors' recent study published in the Journal of Financial Economics , this article summarizes new evidence on the first-day and aftermarket price performance of a firm's first public offer of bonds after its equity IPO. Unlike equity IPOs, such bond IPOs are not underpriced on average. However, bonds that are more equity-like (junk bonds) are underpriced at the initial offer whereas high-grade debt is actually overpriced. This finding supports the view that riskier debt issues have a larger equity component and, as a consequence, a higher degree of information asymmetry.
The authors' study also showed that less prestigious underwriters are associated with more underpriced offers, and that the issuer's stock market listing plays an important role in determining the first-day price performance of bond IPOs. The degree of underpricing is lower for bonds issued by firms whose equity is listed on NYSE/AMEX than for bonds issued by firms listed on Nasdaq. Finally, the aftermarket performance for the full sample and various subsamples is consistent with bond market efficiency in the sense that, once prices adjust after the first day of trading, there are no clearly exploitable opportunities for excess returns. 相似文献
The authors' study also showed that less prestigious underwriters are associated with more underpriced offers, and that the issuer's stock market listing plays an important role in determining the first-day price performance of bond IPOs. The degree of underpricing is lower for bonds issued by firms whose equity is listed on NYSE/AMEX than for bonds issued by firms listed on Nasdaq. Finally, the aftermarket performance for the full sample and various subsamples is consistent with bond market efficiency in the sense that, once prices adjust after the first day of trading, there are no clearly exploitable opportunities for excess returns. 相似文献
37.
This is the first study to establish a link between product market power and analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy and bias. Relating two different dimensions of market power to earnings forecastability, we document that (a) a firm’s relative pricing power and (b) its industry concentration are strong positive determinants of analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy. We find that forecasting earnings of higher market power firms is less complex due to their ability to withstand cost shocks as well as greater informational-efficiency enjoyed by such firms. Further, forecast optimism increases with weakening product market pricing power and with lower industry concentration. The knowledge derived from this study will hopefully improve the accuracy of equity valuation, and thereby engender better buy-side (stock selections) and sell-side recommendations by analysts. Our analysis also suggests that brokerage firms compensating analysts based on forecast accuracy need to adjust for the differential in the information complexity of different industries. 相似文献
38.
Feltenstein Andrew Martinez-Vazquez Jorge Datta Biplab Fatehin Sohani 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2022,19(3):537-556
International Economics and Economic Policy - Value Added Taxes (VAT) constitute a major share of tax revenues in developing countries in which tax evasion is widespread. The literature on VAT... 相似文献
39.
Anusua Datta 《Southern economic journal》2003,69(3):644-658
This study has sought to determine the impact of policy changes that led to the breakup of the monopoly structure of U.S. telecommunications on productivity and research activities of AT&T. A simultaneous-equations model is used to examine the relationship between research intensity, market share, firm size, and total factor productivity (TFP) before and after divestiture. The results show that the effect of divestiture on productivity is negative but that competition has a significantly positive effect. Contrary to popular argument, competition led to significant increases in R&D investment by AT&T. The study also finds a strong and positive relationship between R&D and productivity in the postdivestiture period, marked by its absence in the predivestiture years. Scale economies remain important, indicating the industry continues to favor large firms. 相似文献
40.
Numerous studies document a day-of-the-week effect in stock returns. Although a common explanation for this phenomenon concerns a potential daily pattern in the release of corporate information, existing studies provide conflicting evidence. To aid in resolving this issue, possible seasonalities in a sample of 138,824 dividend announcements are investigated over twenty-six years across 3,484 firms. Tests provide no support for the information hypothesis and suggest that the anomalous pattern of returns is driven by some factor unrelated to information arrivals. 相似文献