城市品牌与流动人口就业选址决策

城市品牌作为保持和增强城市竞争力,加强地区间战略关联和聚集高端生产要素的重要管理工具,已经成为各地城市建设的重点方向。文章以“全国文明城市”的评比作为准自然实验,利用2013-2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,探讨了城市品牌对流动人口就业选址决策的影响机理。研究结果显示,当城市获得“全国文明城市”称号后,流动人口到该城市就业的概率显著提高1.13%。进一步的机制检验结果显示,入选“全国文明城市”后,该城市公共品供给增加,环境质量提高和就业机会增多,同时短期内流动人口对文明城市的关注度显著提高,两者共同促使流动人口向文明城市集聚。而“全国文明城市”品牌的正向影响主要集中在互联网基础较好的户籍省份、年轻人群体或育有子女的群体之中。流动人口来到获得“全国文明城市”称号的地区工作之后,他们的公共医疗保险本地参保概率与子女本地入学概率均显著提高,对城市的满意度与融入当地的意愿也显著提升。文章的研究结论对地方政府出台相关人才集聚政策具有一定的启示意义。     

基于SEM模型的制造业供应链稳定发展影响因素研究

中国制造业体量虽大,但产业供应链自主可控性和安全性尚未达到我国制造强国的发展要求。本文以制造业供应链为对象,通过系统地界定影响制造业供应链稳定发展的因素,并基于问卷调查法采集的样本数据,运用结构方程模型和AMOS软件,构建数字化转型程度、信息共享程度、供应链韧性程度和外部环境因素四大潜变量及其观测变量的指标假设模型,研究制造业供应链稳定发展的影响因素。研究发现,四大影响因素对制造业供应链稳定发展均有着正向的影响,而且根据路径的总影响效应可区分其影响力的大小。本文为制造业供应链稳定发展提供了微观证据,并期望为制造业供应链上各节点企业的发展提供一定启示。     

Riskiness of Real Estate Development: A Perspective from Urban Economics and Option Value Theory

In this article, we define a new construct for urban economic and investment analysis, which revisits the conventional wisdom that investment in real estate development is riskier than investment in stabilized property assets. This new construct, referred as a “development asset value index” (DAVI), is a value index for newly developed properties (only) in a given geographical property market. It tracks longitudinal changes in the highest and best use (HBU) value of locations, and it reveals developer and landowner behavior taking advantage of the optionality inherent in land ownership. In particular, the DAVI reflects developers' use of flexibility in the exercise of the call option to (re)develop the property to any legal use and density. We empirically estimate a DAVI for commercial property (i.e., central locations) and compare it with a corresponding traditional transaction‐price‐based property asset price index (PAPI) corrected for depreciation. We believe that the difference primarily reflects the realized value of flexibility in land development. We find that the DAVIs display greater value growth and are smoother over time and less cyclical than their corresponding PAPIs for the same locations. This suggests that developers successfully use flexibility, and that development may be riskier than stabilized property investment due primarily only to leverage effects (construction costs). Practical implications are also discussed.     

The online laboratory: conducting experiments in a real labor market

Online labor markets have great potential as platforms for conducting experiments. They provide immediate access to a large and diverse subject pool, and allow researchers to control the experimental context. Online experiments, we show, can be just as valid—both internally and externally—as laboratory and field experiments, while often requiring far less money and time to design and conduct. To demonstrate their value, we use an online labor market to replicate three classic experiments. The first finds quantitative agreement between levels of cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma played online and in the physical laboratory. The second shows—consistent with behavior in the traditional laboratory—that online subjects respond to priming by altering their choices. The third demonstrates that when an identical decision is framed differently, individuals reverse their choice, thus replicating a famed Tversky-Kahneman result. Then we conduct a field experiment showing that workers have upward-sloping labor supply curves. Finally, we analyze the challenges to online experiments, proposing methods to cope with the unique threats to validity in an online setting, and examining the conceptual issues surrounding the external validity of online results. We conclude by presenting our views on the potential role that online experiments can play within the social sciences, and then recommend software development priorities and best practices.     

CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS AND THE DIVIDING LINE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND THE MARKET: AN EXAMINATION OF NHS FOUNDATION TRUST CLASSIFICATION IN THE UK

ABSTRACT: In this paper we argue that national accounting categories provide an inadequate basis for evaluating differences between public and private sector services. This is because accounting categories rely on economic concepts such as market price but do not take account of substantive public policy goals such as universality. The argument has important consequences for the structures and systems of delivery especially where nonprofit providers and social enterprise models are substituted for public bodies formerly integrated into the government's delivery system. Using an example taken from the UK's National Health Service, we show that the mechanisms for ensuring universality through redistribution are not sufficiently taken into account for classification purposes.     

浙江省各县市服务业吸收劳动力情况的实证研究

服务业是未来吸收劳动力的主要途径。文章主要通过聚类分析将浙江省各县市按照本地劳动力在服务业的分配分成几类,然后再分别对这几类的数据进行主成分分析,找出它们在服务业领域的比较优势,进而根据分析结果得出结论。浙江省的各个县市在服务业发展方面都具有各自的潜力与主要发展方向,未来浙江省的三大产业比重会调整到“三、二、一”的局面,服务业在吸收劳动力方面将发挥更加巨大的作用。     

基于向量自回归模型对房价与地价关系的实证分析——以上海市为例

考察2000年3季度到2008年3季度上海市房地产价格指数与土地价格指数的动态影响关系,运用格兰杰因果检验、向量自回归模型、脉冲响应函数以及方差分解的方法,得出上海市土地市场价格变化与房地产市场的价格变化在短期内会产生一定程度的相互作用,但是在长期内上海市房地产市场的价格变化受土地市场价格变化和房地产市场价格变化的共同作用,而土地市场价格变化只受其本身影响的结论.     

低碳经济与产业结构调整

随着被喻为拯救人类的最后一次机会的哥本哈根气候大会的召开,全球气候变化促使低碳经济走上世人面前。中国产业发展受到了前所未有的二氧化碳减排压力,但同时全球气候变化和发展低碳经济也给中国产业的发展带来了机遇。发展低碳经济意味着中国能够避免走西方国家的高能耗、高污染的工业化发展道路,走出一条低能耗、低污染、低排放的新型工业化道路。以低碳经济为依托助推产业结构升级,中国将转向更为高效的制造业和低碳产业结构,这有利于中国保持国际贸易领域的持久竞争力,同时可以避免国外的碳关税而有利于出口经济的可持续发展。