全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10691篇 |
免费 | 316篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2177篇 |
工业经济 | 1046篇 |
计划管理 | 1883篇 |
经济学 | 2190篇 |
综合类 | 139篇 |
运输经济 | 125篇 |
旅游经济 | 215篇 |
贸易经济 | 1780篇 |
农业经济 | 577篇 |
经济概况 | 873篇 |
邮电经济 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 71篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 102篇 |
2020年 | 185篇 |
2019年 | 250篇 |
2018年 | 262篇 |
2017年 | 275篇 |
2016年 | 252篇 |
2015年 | 209篇 |
2014年 | 316篇 |
2013年 | 1225篇 |
2012年 | 369篇 |
2011年 | 425篇 |
2010年 | 378篇 |
2009年 | 463篇 |
2008年 | 433篇 |
2007年 | 374篇 |
2006年 | 389篇 |
2005年 | 335篇 |
2004年 | 295篇 |
2003年 | 313篇 |
2002年 | 285篇 |
2001年 | 248篇 |
2000年 | 240篇 |
1999年 | 220篇 |
1998年 | 197篇 |
1997年 | 213篇 |
1996年 | 173篇 |
1995年 | 173篇 |
1994年 | 160篇 |
1993年 | 150篇 |
1992年 | 133篇 |
1991年 | 128篇 |
1990年 | 118篇 |
1989年 | 103篇 |
1988年 | 93篇 |
1987年 | 105篇 |
1986年 | 78篇 |
1985年 | 122篇 |
1984年 | 146篇 |
1983年 | 133篇 |
1982年 | 113篇 |
1981年 | 87篇 |
1980年 | 96篇 |
1979年 | 85篇 |
1978年 | 66篇 |
1977年 | 63篇 |
1976年 | 62篇 |
1974年 | 50篇 |
1973年 | 45篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
In this study, empirical tests are conducted to determine the impact of a sinking fund on reoffering yields of a sample of new public utility bonds sold between January 1977 and March 1982. The findings of the regression analysis are consistent with the hypotheses that the value of the sinking fund varies with the default risk of the issuer and with market expectations of future interest rate movements, and that the sinking fund improves the liquidity of a bond issue. 相似文献
993.
We use the method of indirect inference, using the bootstrap, to test the Smets and Wouters model of the EU against a VAR
auxiliary equation describing their data. We find that their model generates excessive variance compared with the data. But
their model fits the dynamic facts quite well if the errors have the properties assumed by SW but scaled down. We compare
a New Classical version of the model which also performs reasonably if error properties are chosen using New Classical priors
(notably excluding shocks to preferences). Both versions have (different) difficulties fitting the data if the actual error
properties are used. A model combining rigid and flexible-wage/price sectors, with a weight of around 5% on the rigid sector,
does best in fitting the data. 相似文献
994.
The Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development in Ukraine and Belarus: Some Policy Perspectives 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Smallbone David Welter Friederike Isakova Nina Slonimski Anton 《MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies》2001,11(3):253-273
The paper considers the development of small and medium enterprises (SME) in two transition economies where market reforms have been slow (Ukraine and Belarus), focusing specifically on the role of government in the process. Empirical data from a study on SMEs and economic development in Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova are used to consider the contribution of SMEs to different aspects of transformation whilst data from a second project are used to show the support needs of SMEs.Following the introduction, which summarises the aims and methodology, the second section presents brief profiles of the context for SME development in each country. Part 3 summarises some of the main empirical findings, focusing on those aspects that have potential policy significance, specifically with respect to employment, innovation, and market orientation, whilst the fourth section considers survey evidence of the support needs of SMEs. The final section draws out the main policy implications of the findings, whilst also setting out an agenda designed to increase the contribution of SMEs to economic development in the future.On the whole, the empirical results demonstrate that some SMEs have developed in Belarus and Ukraine despite the actions of governments, although the number of private enterprises per capita remains small and their qualitative characteristics often reflect the difficult operating conditions. As a result, their contribution to economic and social change is less than it could be, mainly due to an unstable environment and an institutional context that has yet to establish the framework conditions for sustainable private sector development. In terms of policy priorities, the survey data suggest that reform of the distorted legal and financial infrastructures that exist in these countries is the highest priority need. 相似文献
995.
Thomas M. Fullerton Jr. David A. Schauer 《International Advances in Economic Research》2001,7(4):471-478
The Ciudad Juárez maquiladora sector has grown enormously during the last three decades. To examine whether the trends underlying this remarkable performance are quantifiable, this paper analyzes the short-term time series characteristics of this portion of the metropolitan economy. The econometric methodologies employed include both univariate and transfer functions, with the latter using autoregressive integrated moving average analysis augmented by causality testing. Data are drawn for the sample period of January 1981 to December 1998. Empirical results indicate that inflation-adjusted wage rates, factories in operation, U.S. industrial performance, and the international value of the peso play important roles in determining month-to-month fluctuations in borderplex maquiladora payrolls.Financial support for this research was provided by El Paso Electric, the Fulbright Council for International Exchange of Scholars, and the Public Policy Research Center at the University of Texas at El Paso. Helpful comments were provided by Jeff Brannon, Jim Peach, and seminar participants at the University of Texas at El Paso, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, and New Mexico State University. Econometric research assistance was provided by Roberto Coronado and Roberto Tinajero. 相似文献
996.
While remaining one of the poorest countries in the world, Vietnam's infant and child mortality rates have been much lower than those observed for countries with similar or even higher levels of real income per capita. The paper investigates the role of parents' characteristics in affecting survival of their children, using a logistic discrete-time model and data from the Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey 1988 . It is found that infant mortality is significantly higher for children of mothers with no formal education. However, parents' other socioeconomic characteristics, including mothers attaining levels of education higher than the primary level, are not important for explaining differences in child survival. There is some evidence that children of higher orders of birth face higher risk. Results on the effects of maternal education diverge from findings for other countries, but can perhaps be explained by the country's distinctive features. 相似文献
997.
David R. Collie 《Review of Development Economics》2009,13(4):687-694
Freeman (2006 ) suggested that auctioning immigration visas and redistributing the revenue to native residents in the host country would increase migration from low-income to high-income countries. The effect of the auctioning of immigration visas, in the Ricardian model from Findlay (1982 ), on the optimal level of immigration for the host country is considered. It is shown that auctioning immigration visas will lead to a positive level of immigration only if the initial wage difference between the host country and the source country is substantial. The cost of the immigration visa is more than half the earnings of the immigrant worker. 相似文献
998.
David J. Smyth 《Pacific Economic Review》1999,4(1):59-63
The recent level of unemployment may affect the natural rate of unemployment. The implications of such an hysteresis effect for macroeconomic fluctuations is analyzed using a stochastic dynamic model. The greater the importance of an hysteresis effect, the more pronounced are fluctuations in unemployment and inflation. Complete hysteresis causes the economy to be unstable. 相似文献
999.
Positioning the World Bank 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christopher Gilbert rew Powell & David Vines 《Economic journal (London, England)》1999,109(459):598-633
This article examines the rationale for the World Bank and explores whether its objective is best served by its current mix of activities. We are critical of the Bank's reliance on conditionality, and advocate evolution into a Knowledge Bank, which would lend with few conditions to countries with good policies and good institutions, and would concentrate on the provision of knowledge and technical assistance, rather than lending, in countries where the policy framework is poor. We also advocate an expansion in the Bank's role as a provider of global public goods; we critically examine the Banks role in relation to financial crises. 相似文献
1000.
Most debates and discussions regarding trends towards globalization and localization, occur in the over-arching context of the knowledge economy, and focus on the impact of these trends on innovation and competitiveness in the 'Triad' of Europe, Japan and the USA. However, in the knowledge economy, competitiveness is increasingly based upon access to knowledge, in the form of skills and capabilities, wherever it is located in the world including the smaller industrialized countries. This paper extends the discussion of the impacts of globalization and localization to encompass other nations and their 'national innovation systems'. Policy underpinning national systems to encourage innovation is increasingly being called into question by the general move towards globalization and localization. Multi-national enterprises (MNEs) and localized clusters in the emerging technologies determine and control technological paths beyond and through national borders. Small industrialized nations which have neither a broad technological base, extensive science and technology infrastructure or resources, nor MNEs based in the country, run the risk of being marginalized when competing globally, through an inability to become involved in these international economic networks. A traditional policy response by small countries to the impact of globalization is to metaphorically 'batten down the hatches' against the invasion of MNEs and the exploitation of local resources. However, an exploration of the drivers of both globalization and localization in the knowledge economy, and the observed impacts of globalization on New Zealand, suggests that a suitable strategy for small nations might be the reverse scenario. By using the analogy of the small country as a small and medium sized enterprise (SME) in the global economy dominated by large nations and MNEs, SME advantages and disadvantages are mapped onto potential small country advantages and disadvantages. The simile is extended to propose a small-country strategy based on exploiting the documented advantages of SMEs, such as flexibility and use of external networks, for an outward-looking, supplier-orientated innovation policy. Such a policy has to be designed for rapid communication and flexibility, and has to encourage committed technological accumulation and networking, to maximize national absorptive and transformative capacities. 相似文献