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991.
The bidirectional causal links between high-skilled emigration and poverty can give rise to multiple equilibria and coordination
failures. Two countries sharing identical characteristics may end up in either a “low poverty-low brain drain” equilibrium
or in a “high poverty-high brain drain” equilibrium. In this paper, we build a model which endogenizes high-skilled emigration
and economic performances in order to derive the conditions under which multiplicity occurs. After identifying country-specific
parameters, we find that in the majority of developing countries, the best equilibrium is selected and that the observed brain
drain is inevitable. In 22 small developing countries however, the worse equilibrium prevails, implying that poverty and brain
drain are increased by coordination failure. These countries require appropriate development policies, such as a temporary
subsidization of the repatriation of their high-skilled expatriates. Our results are robust to the inclusion of a brain gain
mechanism. 相似文献
992.
On the importance of matching strategic behavior and target market selection to business strategy in high-tech markets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stanley F. Slater G. Tomas M. Hult Eric M. Olson 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(1):5-17
Business strategy is fundamentally concerned with the actions required to create superior customer value in the firm’s target
markets with the ultimate goal of achieving superior performance. Marketing theory suggests that two critical marketing activities
required to achieve this end are: (1) the adoption of appropriate strategic behaviors (i.e., customer-oriented, competitor-oriented,
technology-oriented) and (2) targeting of the appropriate market segments (i.e., innovators, early adopters, early majority,
late majority, laggards). This study builds on prior research which demonstrates that the strategic behavior—firm performance
relationship is contingent on the firm’s strategy by examining this relationship in high tech markets and by considering the
incremental contribution of appropriate target market selection. Responses from 160 senior marketing managers in high-tech
firms reveal strong support for our framework. Thus, this study provides useful guidance to executives and managers in high-tech
firms regarding the steps that they should take to increase their probability of success.
相似文献
Eric M. OlsonEmail: |
993.
The purpose of this article is to determine market orientation’s relative impact on small-business performance, compared to
other influences, in an integrated model using longitudinal data. Contrary to expectations based on the management literature,
the results indicate weak causal relationships between market environment, small-firm structure, and small-firm strategy.
The results further indicate weak influences of these variables, but strong and consistent influences of market orientation,
on various measures of small-firm performance. Contrary to expectations based on business policy literature, relative product
quality and new product success were not significant influences on profitability, perhaps due to the significant influence
of market orientation on these variables. In addition, although increases in growth/share had a significant short-term influence
on increases in profitability, high levels of previous years’ firm growth/share had a negative influence on current profitability.
The previous year’s level of firm coordinating systems and market competitive intensity has a significant impact on the level
of small-firm market orientation. 相似文献
994.
José David Cisneros-Martínez Scott McCabe Antonio Fernández-Morales 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2018,26(1):85-107
Recent policy from the European Union has attempted to justify social tourism initiatives on the basis that they lead to a more sustainable tourism industry. However, the majority of latest research in the field has been focused on the benefits for participants, with the addition of some evidence on the economic impacts of such programmes on destinations, which have pointed towards sustainability outcomes including: a longer tourism season, more even spread of demand, and longer periods of employment for tourism workers. Yet there is a lack of direct evidence linking such programme to these outcomes. This paper aimed to explore this important disconnect between policy assumptions and evidence-based outcomes through an analysis of the deseasonalising effects of the Spanish social tourism programme for older people. The research found that this programme does have an effect on the seasonal nature of employment and economic activity in most regions studied, but that the huge volume of demand from international tourists in the high seasons masks the quantitative effects in the regions with the highest seasonal concentration of international tourists. Recommendations for policy and practice in sustainable tourism are made that are transferable to many countries and regions that adopt social tourism programmes. 相似文献
995.
Bekir Bora Dedeoğlu Sevgi Balikçioğlu Dedeoğlu Kemal Gürkan Küçükergin 《Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism》2018,19(2):217-242
ABSTRACTDifferences in tourists’ cultural values are significant factors in their product and service choices, yet they have generally been neglected in the literature. Therefore, this study examined how tourists’ nationalities influence their perceptions of service quality, affective image perceptions, and revisiting intentions. Activities were found to be more determinant on a destination’s affective image for Russian tourists, whereas accommodation, hospitality, and language communication services had a larger effect on German tourists. 相似文献
996.
Stefan Gössling 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2018,26(2):292-306
Learning is often a central element of tourism. Tourists can learn actively, i.e. with a specific purpose, as well as passively through the comparison of values, norms and customs. It has been argued that travel supports active learning that has positive outcomes for sustainability, for instance, in the context of conservation. Yet, the complexity of active and passive learning processes and their outcomes for environmental sustainability and sustainable lifestyles remain insufficiently understood. Against this background, the paper discusses selected learning outcomes for transportation (air travel), accommodation (hotels) and activities (theme park visits). Findings suggest that “desirable” learning (defined as pro-sustainable development learning) in tourism may be very limited, while in particular, passive learning processes which redefine social norms frequently have outcomes that are largely detrimental to sustainable lifestyles. They include forms of moral licensing, the diffusion of responsibilities as well as the attenuation of the negative consequences of travel. Given the economic, social and cultural importance of tourism vís-a-vís its global implications for environmental sustainability, learning outcomes in tourism deserve to be studied in greater detail, while strategies need to be devised to enhance sustainable learning effects. 相似文献
997.
998.
Embedding multinational firms in regional business systems: neoliberal and social‐democratic models in Spain
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María C. Gonzalez Menendez David Luque Balbona Gabriel Pruneda Phil Almond 《Industrial Relations Journal》2018,49(1):50-68
The paper analyses how regional actors have mobilised to attract and retain foreign direct investment in two Spanish regions with different political approaches to the management of economic issues, including industrial relations. These regions are Madrid, the main pole of attraction of foreign direct investment in Spain, and Asturias, with a large tradition of heavy industry and a greater dependence on a small number of large employers. It finds the regions have adapted to international competition in substantially different manners and considers the alternative reasons why this might be the case, highlighting the role of organised labour both in the inward investment regimes themselves, and in shaping the nature of the different compromises they involve. 相似文献
999.
In this paper, a structural analysis of hybrid censoring models is presented. This new modularization approach to hybrid censoring models enables a convenient derivation of distributional results. For instance, it allows to derive the exact distribution of the MLEs under an exponential assumption for very complex hybrid scenarios. In order to illustrate the benefit of this idea, we apply it to four new unified progressive hybrid censoring schemes. They are extensions of already proposed unified Type-I/II/III/IV hybrid censoring schemes to progressively Type-II censored data. The resulting analysis shows that the modularization approach provides a powerful, efficient, and elegant tool to study even more complex hybrid censoring models. 相似文献
1000.
Mario González María del Mar Alonso-Almeida David Dominguez 《Quality and Quantity》2018,52(3):1041-1055
This study maps the General Reporting Initiative (GRI) relations for a set of global enterprises. Enterprise interrelationships are built using the Mutual Information (MI) of the data reported by enterprises. From the MI topology, we describe interrelationships among the enterprises using chord diagrams to represent the inter- and intra-connectivity between geographical regions and economic sectors globally, by continent and country. Detailed maps are presented for European and Asian regions/sectors, including the relationship between Europe and Asia’s top reporting countries. Our findings reinforce previous research regarding the role of Europe as a driver of sustainability and its influence worldwide. We also determined that Spain is a major player in Europe and that Northern Europe does not have the assumed leading role mentioned in related studies. Eastern Asia is, by far, the leader of the region, and the GRI maps demonstrate the preponderant role of China in the region and the minimal role of India. MI topology maps outline the behavior of the economic sectors, for all the studied regions. Furthermore, a measure that relates the inter- to intra-connections is presented to describe the internal an external relationships among regions/sectors. 相似文献