Latino families report lower child injury rates than white families

Latino children have lower visit rates to emergency departments and primary care physicians than white children in the USA. Using a nationally representative household survey, this study asked whether parental report of injury was also lower for Latino children, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health status and health care access factors. Data were obtained on injuries for which medical advice or treatment was received from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 to 2003. Using the multistage probability design of NHIS, annual rates and adjusted odds of childhood injury report by race and ethnicity were calculated. Respondents reported lower rates of injury for Latino children (6.0 (95% CI 5.3-6.8)/100 person-years) than white children (13.4 (12.7-14.2)/100 person-years). Lower injury rates were mainly due to lower rates of sports injuries and accidental falls. Latino children had lower odds of reported injury than white children, even after adjusting for multiple factors (odds ratio 0.7; 95% CI 0.6-0.8). Lower odds of injury report among Latino children are independent of direct measures of demographic, socioeconomic, health status and health care access factors and indirect measures of acculturation including respondent language and country of origin. Potential explanations include lower exposure to risk, greater child supervision, reporting bias, differences in cultural attitudes toward seeking of health care and reduced health care access that cannot be explored in NHIS due to the form of the current questions. Further research is needed to investigate cultural differences in risk exposure, child supervision and seeking of injury care.     

Relative price variability: Evidence from supply and demand events

Previous studies of relative price variability assume that all supply changes are unanticipated or that supply elasticities are equal across markets. In this paper, we extend these models by relaxing these restrictive assumptions. Our resulting theoretical expression for relative price dispersion reveals an independent role for unanticipated and anticipated supply events. Subjecting our model to empirical testing, we find that this dichotomy of supply shocks is not rejected by the data for the period 1970–1981.     

FIML estimation of models with multiple regimes and covariance restrictions

This paper examines the FIML estimator for a system of simultaneous equations in which a structural change, at a known time, has taken place in one or two of the equations, while the rest are unaffected.     

THE ANNOUNCEMENT EFFECTS OF PREFERRED STOCK RE-RATINGS

This paper examines the equity return behavior of firms whose preferred stock ratings have been changed by Standard and Poor's. The evidence indicates that the market anticipates the re-ratings by approximately 40 days for the complete sample. However, the downgrades for the utility subsample do not experience any downward drift before or after the re-rating. In general, these results support the previous findings of Pinches and Singleton (1978) and Weinstein (1977).     

EXAMINATION OF A PATH MODEL RELATING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE WITH FIRM PERFORMANCE

This article draws on the resource‐based view of the firm to investigate the mechanisms through which information technology (IT) impacts firm performance. Research suggests that the relationship between IT and firm performance may be both direct and indirect. In this study, a path model is tested that proposes a firm's IT infrastructure resources as having both a direct impact on organizational performance, as well as an indirect effect that is propagated through its impact on an intermediate organizational resource, a firm's logistics information system (LIS). The results suggest that positive firm performance may be derived directly from an organization's superior IT infrastructure, as well as indirectly, through its enabling impact on LIS's. These findings contribute to our understanding of the nature of the relationship between IT and firm performance by exploring the value of IT at both the process and organizational levels.     

A Test for Price Pressure Effects in Tender Offer Stock Repurchases

The evidence in this paper supports the hypothesis that the previously documented stock price reversal following a tender offer announcement is consistent with a price pressure caused by a temporary shift in the security's demand curve. The authors came to this conclusion by redocumenting the price reversal, by finding an increase in trading volume around the tender offer announcement and expiration, by showing the increase in volume to be larger than expected from only an information effect, and by showing that short selling activity increases after the announcement and before the expiration of the tender offer.