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991.
Todd D. Fantz Michael A. De Miranda Thomas J. Siller 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2011,21(3):307-320
With the rapid advances in civilization, technological breakthroughs, and a globally growing workforce, there is a strong
need for engineers capable of working in the 21st century environment (Galloway, The 21st century engineer: A proposal for
engineering education reform. ASCE, Washington DC 2008). To help increase the quality and quantity of students choosing to pursue engineering, leaders have called on K-12 education
to look for methods of inserting pre-engineering into the K-12 curriculum. Leaders in technology education have responded
to the call to develop top quality candidates for engineers by infusing engineering into the technology education curriculum.
Teacher preparation programs have used various methods to provide future technology teachers with the required content knowledge
in order to effectively teach engineering design within the technology curriculum. One such program uses an ABET accredited
engineering curriculum for the content and additional training to strengthen engineering education pedagogy for technology
teachers. Students who graduate from this program possess both an engineering degree and technology teaching license. The
purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the differences between technology teachers from this program and traditionally
trained technology teachers. In particular, how each group incorporates the engineering design process in classroom assignments.
Design briefs were gathered from pre-service teachers who graduated from the aforementioned program and compared to design
briefs of practicing technology teachers around the United States. The engineering design process was used to develop a rubric
to compare the usage of engineering content between the two groups. It was found that students with 4 years of engineering
training were more likely to use all steps of the engineering design process. Further examination illustrates that engineering
trained technology teachers were significantly more likely to use mathematical and analytical methods to determine optimum
solutions. In order for technology education teachers to effectively infuse engineering design into coursework, they need
to be familiar and comfortable with the engineering sciences and the design process. With limited engineering design experience,
technology teachers are not as likely to use optimization techniques involving mathematical and analytical reasoning. These
concepts are critical for engineering students to be successful in college engineering programs and beyond. 相似文献
992.
Planning and scheduling significantly influence organizational performance, but literature that pays attention to how organizations could or should organize and assess their planning processes is limited. We extend planning and scheduling theory with a categorization of scheduling performance criteria, based on a three-stage survey research design. Particularly, the results show that, next to schedule quality, the planning process factors timeliness, flexibility, communication, and negotiation are important performance criteria, and especially so in organizations that are faced with high levels of uncertainty. The results suggest that organizational and behavioral aspects of planning and scheduling cannot be mitigated with advanced models and software that solely focus on good schedules. Rather, high quality schedules and high quality scheduling processes need to be facilitated simultaneously to attain high planning and scheduling performance. 相似文献
993.
De Cauter L 《International journal of urban and regional research》2011,35(2):421-430
Based on interviews with Beirut intellectuals and architects, this essay endeavours to trace the contours for a phenomenology or anthropology of civil war. Thomas Hobbes serves as a guide, with his idea of civil war representing a relapse into the ‘state of nature’; as absence of sovereignty resulting in a ‘war of everybody against everybody’. The effects of ever-latent civil war in Beirut are far-reaching: the fragmentation of urban space and the disappearance of public space, the loss of memory and the fragmentation of time, even the reification of language. In the collective imagination and in the arts, Beirut appears as a ghost town, a spectral city with a spectral civility. What we discover is a city, its inhabitants, its social behaviour, but also its art and literature, in the grip of post-traumatic stress syndrome. From all this, we take home two things: first, any city can (at least in principle) relapse into a similar state of nature — Beirut can become a paradigm of latent civil war; and second, the traumatic modernity of Beirut mirrors the traumatic artistic expressions of modernism — the shock of modernity is also always a modernity of shock. 相似文献
994.
In this paper we disentangle, analytically and empirically, the roles of the unit-exposure restriction in Heston and Rouwenhorst (1994). We show that if the purpose is to construct factors, the unit-exposure variance-analysis model can be viewed as just an algorithm that does not really assume a return-generating process; and in practice the effect of relaxing the restriction is immaterial. The restriction is more important if one wants to estimate whether, for a typical stock, the country factor generates more variance than the sector factor: exposure estimation becomes more important (i) the further the average exposures are from unity; or (ii) the higher the dispersion of the exposures. With respect to (i), the more important the corrections for sector (or geographical) structure in country (or sector) factors are, the more the average exposure falls below unity. Thus, the average exposure provides an alternative indicator of the importance of country versus sector effects. We empirically find that the average sector exposure is low (0.3) compared to the average country exposure (0.9). With respect to (ii) we correct the dispersion of exposures for estimation error in the exposures. We find that in our sample these estimation error corrections are more important for sector factors than for country factors, and that country factors are generating far more variance, in a typical stock's return, than do sector factors. 相似文献
995.
Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu S. Bruce Thomson Kate Hutchings Helen De Cieri 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》2011,53(3):311-324
This article aims to address Dunning's call to include the “human environment” (HE) as a new trend and trajectory for research in international business (IB). Dunning argues that the most important driver for economic advancement is knowledge, which arises from the HE. We extend Dunning's IB theory of the five stages of a country's investment development path (IDP) to include the HE factor. Further, we use China as an example in which to examine the role of human resource management (HRM). We identify and analyze an important link between foreign direct investment, multinational enterprises, and both domestic and global HRM. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
996.
Nowadays, it is widely believed that greater disclosure and clarity over policy may lead to greater predictability of central
bank actions. We examine whether communication by the European Central Bank (ECB) adds information compared to the information
provided by a Taylor rule model in which real-time expected inflation and output growth are used. We use five indicators of
ECB communication that are all based on the ECB President’s introductory statement at the press conference following an ECB
policy meeting. Our results suggest that even though the indicators are sometimes quite different from one another, they add
information that helps predict the next policy decision of the ECB. Furthermore, also when the interbank rate is included
in our Taylor rule model, the ECB communication indicators remain significant. 相似文献
997.
998.
This study examines differences in returns to literacy skills on earnings of black and white men and women. Literacy skill is a composite measure of three scales: reading comprehension, document literacy (the ability to locate and use information in, say, tables and graphs), and mathematics proficiency. Using data from the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS), we estimate earnings determination models separately for each racial/gender group. Our findings show that the effect of literacy on earnings varies by race and gender. Literacy skills favorably rewarded black men relative to black women and white men and women, net of education and other relevant variables. More importantly, literacy completely explained the effect of a high school diploma and some college on earnings of black men. We conclude that the economic importance of literacy skills is particularly salient for less-educated black men. 相似文献
999.
Frits J. de Jong J. Tinbergen J. J. Sijben W. J. Ferkranus K. Groenveld L. J. van Gemerden R. Jonkers E. G. Molema G. J. Lanjouw J. K. T. Postma J. B. Polak S. L. Louwes E. H. Bax A. Szirmai J. R. Abbing Th. Junius J. Ponstein A. Bosman K. Boksma A. Beek M. Geersing J. De Leede 《De Economist》1977,125(1):110-149
1000.
Jean‐Louis Van Gelder Reinout E. De Vries Michael Frese Jan‐Peter Goutbeek 《Journal of Small Business Management》2007,45(3):388-400
This study investigates the differences between failed and operational businesses from a psychological perspective. The sample included 71 operational and 20 failed business owners from Suva, the capital of Fiji. It was hypothesized that operational business owners more often employ a detailed and long‐term planning strategy, whereas failed business owners more often pursue a reactive strategy, that operational business owners set more specific and more difficult goals, and that they have a higher degree of human capital than failed entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using discriminant analysis. Results confirmed the hypotheses regarding planning and goal specificity. 相似文献