公开市场操作:国债与央行票据替代性分析

本文认为由于国债安全性高、收益稳定,尤其是短期国债具有期限短、变现性强、市场表现活跃等特点,符合公开市场操作的要求,理应成为央行公开市场操作的主流工具。目前,央行票据作为操作工具的局限性显现,国债具有的优势可弥补其局限。长远看,随着短期国债规模的扩大,央行票据将淡出,国债将成为公开市场操作的主流工具。但当前国情下,国债与央行票据短期内不可能完全替代,二者可能在一定时期内并存。     

浅议审计假设

本文首先指出构建审计假设体系必须明确的几个问题 ,然后着重对构成审计假设体系的若干审计假设的基本内容和意义进行讨论。本文认为审计假设体系由以下假设构成 :( 1 )受托经济责任假设 ;( 2 )正当怀疑假设 ;( 3)受托责任可验证假设 ;( 4 )审计独立性假设 ;( 5)内控有效性假设。     

On Human Capital and Individual Capabilities

Starting out from a simple conceptual framework running from initial individual abilities to skills produced in school to the utilization of these skills in the labor market, this paper surveys empirical studies in labor economics, economics of education and occupational psychology to assess the empirical strength of the links between these sets of variables. Cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are relevant for economic success, but make a modest contribution. Occupational psychology is complementary to economics and supports the notion of interlocking heterogeneity of individuals and jobs.     

Understanding the Influence of Cues from Other Customers in the Service Experience: A Scale Development and Validation

During most consumer exchanges, particularly in service and retailing settings, customers are “in the factory” and, as a result, the presence of other customers can have a profound impact on customer experiences. Despite studies demonstrating the importance of managing the customer experience and customer portfolios, the marketing literature lacks a comprehensive scale that can be used to assess individuals’ perceptions of other customers during commercial transactions. This study conceptualizes a three-dimension, Other Customer Perception (OCP) scale to address this gap. Using a seven-step scale development process, the multi-dimensional conceptualization is supported and validated and the research demonstrates the impact of the OCP dimensions on consumers’ approach and avoidance intentions. The findings provide a clearer understanding of how other customers can indirectly influence assessments of a customer exchange and can assist in the measurement of other customer perceptions in future research efforts.     

The “similarity” and “heterogeneity” theses in studying innovation: evidence from the end-of-life vehicle case

The paper seeks to understand how eight companies in the European car industry responded to changing business conditions under the threat of regulation on the waste problem of end-of-life vehicles. It was observed that the companies pursued diverging innovation tracks in dealing with the regulatory pressure, although competing in the same markets and subject to similar regulatory pressure. The case is interesting to consider in the light of recent discussions of differences in styles of innovation. The question then is whether any sort of style of innovation may be distinguished in the diverging innovation tracks. The objective of the paper is to add to these discussions by considering the results of this case study in the light of “similarity” and heterogeneity hypotheses that may be advanced around “styles” of innovation.