Drivers of CSR anchoring in transition economies: Evidence from Poland

We examine the drivers of corporate social responsibility anchoring in Poland, a country that has undergone a profound transition from a command economy to a free market system. We use a fine-grained theoretical framework to understand the influence of the interactions between regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive aspects of institutions with firm organizational factors on the diffusion of corporate social responsibility. We show that, in Poland, companies use their slack resources to adopt corporate social responsibility only when facing strong normative or regulative institutional pressures in their organizational fields. When such pressures are absent, companies prefer value-enhancing functions of their resources other than investing in corporate social responsibility. We propose a multilevel approach for studying drivers of corporate social responsibility and show how the importance of organizational-level drivers emerges clearly only if the interactions with institutional-level features are considered. The main policy implication of our study is that corporate social responsibility may establish in Poland, as well as in other Eastern Europe countries, provided that designed and formalized institutional processes reach relevant organizational fields. Furthermore, we find that, for business managers, employing financial slack for social responsibility projects may be perceived as institutionally legitimate or not depending on the type of institutional pressures prevailing in each organizational field.     

从资产负债表角度考察人口结构的宏观含义

中国人口红利趋于弱化的主要影响是低利率格局将逐步发生改变,从而提高负债方融资的整体成本,这反过来将对资产方投资配置产生冲击。为此,本文从国家资产负债表的角度考察人口结构变迁的宏观含义,人口红利趋于消失意味着融资杠杆能力的弱化以及投资效率的降低,这将导致一个经济体合适的、可持续的潜在增长率逐步呈现下行态势。人口结构对国家资产负债表的冲击也限制了政策的腾挪空间,经济增长中枢速度的平稳回落以及通货膨胀中枢水平的上升,意味着决策者如果以低物价和高增长组合作为政策目标,将可能导致紧缩过度或刺激过度。     

Strategic Human Resource Management as Ethical Stewardship

The research about strategic human resource management (SHRM) has suggested that human resource professionals (HRPs) have the opportunity to play a greater role in contributing to organizational success if they are effective in developing systems and policies aligned with the organization??s values, goals, and mission. We suggest that HRPs need to raise the standard of their performance and that the competitive demands of the modern economic environment create implicit ethical duties that HRPs owe to their organizations. We define ethical stewardship as a model of governance that honors obligations due to the many stakeholders and that maximizes long-term organizational wealth creation. We propose that if HRPs adopt an ethical stewardship framework and the qualities of transformative leaders, they will be more aware of their ethical duties to their organizations and more effective in helping their organizations to create increased wealth, achieve desired organizational outcomes, and establish work environments that are more satisfying to employees.     

Money,saving and growth in an international economy with perfect capital mobility

The effects of differential national saving rates on current accounts, foreign indebtedness and the welfare of the countries involved are examined within the framework of a two-country, three-asset and one-good model of growth with international capital mobility. It is argued that the persistent current account imbalance and its implied national indebtedness are a natural consequence of differential national saving rates in the world of integrated capital markets, that any direct interference hampering an orderly flow of capital makes both countries worse off, that changes in the exchange rate mainly reflect the differential growth rates of two currencies and have little effect on the current account, and that persistent current account deficits do not necessarily imply an ever-increasing debt burden. While an increase in the saving rate of the high-saving country benefits the low-saving country, an increase in the saving rate of the low-saving country harms the high-saving country both in the short run and the long run.     

坚持改革开放 实现科学发展

改革开放30年来，同全国各地一样，浙江省宁波市在中国特色社会主义道路上实现了经济社会发展的历史性跨越。在新的历史起点上推动宁波经济社会又好又快发展，必须继续高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，深入贯彻落实科学发展观。     

Dynamic Gains from International Trade with Imperfect Competition and Market Power

This paper revisits the gains from trade under imperfect competition by explicitly modeling strategic competition and entry. The papers highlights a welfare cost of imperfect competition, due to inefficiently high entry. Through increasing competition, international trade lowers price–cost markups and reduces excessive entry. This adds on a "competitive" channel for gains from trade to the well-known "product diversity" channel from previous literature. Both channels will increase the return to investment and raise the steady-state capital stock. An alternative case is possible, however, where there is inefficiently low entry. In that case, trade tends to be "anticompetitive," raising price–cost markups and encouraging increased entry.     

Social-Centric Development of Multi-Agent Architectures

In the past few years, software applications have increased in complexity and in stakeholders' expectations principally due to new Internet-centric application areas, such as e-business, web services, ubiquitous computing, and peer-to-peer networks. Multi-agent systems (MAS) architectures have gained popularity for developing such software. Unfortunately, despite considerable work in software architecture during the past decade, few research efforts have aimed at truly defining frameworks for agent-based architectural design. Considering that MAS architecture is conceived as a society of software agents, this article overviews a social-driven design approach dedicated to build up agent-based systems. The approach is based on organizational structures and social patterns to define agent architectures notably in the context of e-business system design.     

Environmental Dynamism as a Moderator of Familiness and Performance in Mexican SMEs

This research explores how the environmental dynamism affects the relationship between familiness and a family firm’s performance in an emerging economy. To achieve this goal, we used an instrument to measure three familiness theoretical dimensions (process, human, and organizational resources). To collect data, we interviewed owners of family firms characterized as SMEs in México. Contrary to what is expected, our findings suggest that familiness, as a source of competitive advantage for family firms, may be more suitable in stable environments characterized by certainty of conditions. In other words, the effect of familiness on a family firm’s performance diminishes in highly dynamic environments.     

房地产融资的创新大道——房地产业融资格局备受挑战

自2001年央行发布“195号文件”以来，一系列规范房地产市场的政策相继出台，使得近来房地产商过分依赖银行贷款的特定融资格局受到很大的挑战。长期以来，贷款作为我国房地产融资最主要的途径之一，其波动成为影响房地产融资总体状况的关键。从房地产贷款内部结构看，最主要的两部分是开发商贷款与个人住房消费贷款。二者在资金运行特征上差异较大，应区别对待。     

A note on steady-state price:Output relationships

Two sufficient conditions for non-perverse steady-state price: net output relationships are derived: (i) weak substitutability of each produced input, both with respect to other produced inputs and with respect to primary factor inputs, and (ii) constancy of the produced-input: output coefficients.