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81.
82.
Govinda R. Timilsina John C. Beghin Dominique van der Mensbrugghe Simon Mevel 《Agricultural Economics》2012,43(3):315-332
We analyze the long‐term impacts of large‐scale expansion of biofuels on land‐use change, food supply and prices, and the overall economy in various countries or regions using a multi‐country, multi‐sector global computable general equilibrium model augmented with an explicit land‐use module and detailed biofuel sectors. We find that an expansion of biofuel production to meet the existing or even higher targets in various countries would slightly reduce GDP at the global level but with mixed effects across countries or regions. Significant land re‐allocation would take place with notable decreases in forest and pasture lands in a few countries. The expansion of biofuels would cause a moderate decrease in world food supply and more significant decreases in developing countries like India and Sub‐Saharan Africa. Feedstock commodities (sugar, corn and oil seeds) would experience significant increases in their prices in 2020, but other price changes are small. 相似文献
83.
Kevin Bradford Steven Brown Shankar Ganesan Gary Hunter Vincent Onyemah Robert Palmatier Dominique Rouziès Rosann Spiro Harish Sujan Barton Weitz 《Marketing Letters》2010,21(3):239-253
Business-to-business firms are increasingly focusing on building long-term partnering relationships with key customers. Salespeople
are often responsible for managing these relationships. To be effective as relationship managers, salespeople need to be embedded
in both their firm’s and customers’ organizations. They need to have extensive knowledge of their customers’ business and
also know and be able to leverage their firm’s resources to develop offerings tailored to their customers’ needs. Their companies
and sales managers need to use different approaches to manage and support salespeople in this new role. In this paper, we
examine some issues affecting the interfaces between elements of the embedded sales force and suggest some directions for
future research and methods for examining these issues. 相似文献
84.
85.
Summary We modify the infinitely repeated Cournot game with imperfect monitoring of Green and Porter (1984) and Abreu, Pearce and Stacchetti (1986) to include heterogenous products and the possibility of balanced budget side payments (Holmström 1982). It is shown that a transfer mechanism which induces the efficient outcome exists under a reasonable technical assumption in contrast to the preceding authors. Intuitively, the existence of an observable random price vector rather than a single price makes it possible to identify likely defectors, eliminating the need for collective punishments.This paper is based on the last chapter of Demougin's dissertation at the University of Western Ontario. 相似文献
86.
ON MEASURING POVERTY 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper investigates the properties of various measures of poverty and of the "difficulty of alleviation of poverty". It is found that the ranking properties of both kinds of indices can be quite counter-intuitive and that they could be misleading if used for policy evaluation. An alternative index is proposed; it is compared to the other indices and seems to fare rather well. To illustrate, a special reference is made to S. Anand's recent article on poverty in Malaysia. 相似文献
87.
This note investigates the effects of introducing a transaction tax on depth and bid-ask spread using a static model where
a competitive market maker faces informed and liquidity traders. When the degree of information asymmetry is low, an increase
in the transaction tax can result into a smaller rise in the selling price and the depth may even increase in some cases.
When information asymmetry is high, the dealer could increase the selling price more than the tax and sometimes lowers the
depth. This can result in a market shutdown if the liquidity trader is driven out of the market.
We thank Vincent Reinhart and Walter Fisher for helpful discussions. Special thanks are also due to an anonymous referee and
the editor C.D. Aliprantis for insightful comments and suggestions which have helped us to improve the paper substantially.
The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
88.
Dominique Ella Christin 《Economics of Planning》1996,29(1):1-24
The transformation process of East European (EE) countries led to the disappearance of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the former Soviet-bloc economic integration scheme, as well as to other changes in the foreign trade sector of those economies. This study seeks to identify the potential long run modifications in the volume of trade of EE countries by using a well-established model employed in the foreign trade literature, the gravity equation. Quantitative results suggest that in the next decades trade between East and West European countries could double from its present level. 相似文献
89.
A RE‐EXAMINATION OF REAL INTEREST PARITY IN CEECs USING ‘OLD’ AND ‘NEW’ SECOND‐GENERATION PANEL UNIT ROOT TESTS 下载免费PDF全文
Claudiu Tiberiu Albulescu Dominique Pépin Aviral Kumar Tiwari 《Bulletin of economic research》2016,68(2):133-150
This study applies ‘old’ and ‘new’ second‐generation panel unit root tests to check the validity of the long‐run real interest rate parity (RIP) hypothesis for ten Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) with respect to the Euro area and an average of the CEECs’ real interest rates. When the ‘new’ panel unit root tests are carried out relative to the Euro area rate as reference, we confirm the results of previous studies that support the RIP hypothesis, and the results of the ‘old’ tests used as a benchmark. Nevertheless, when the ‘new’ tests are performed using the average of the CEECs’ rate as reference, our results are mitigated, revealing that the hypothesis of CEECs’ interest rates convergence cannot be taken for granted. From a robustness analysis perspective, our findings indicate that the RIP hypothesis for CEECs should be considered with caution, because the RIP hypothesis is sensitive to the retained reference rate for computing the real interest rate differential, and also to the retained countries in the sample. 相似文献
90.
Aurélie Boisbunon Stéphane Canu Dominique Fourdrinier William Strawderman Martin T. Wells 《Revue internationale de statistique》2014,82(3):422-439
In this article, we develop a modern perspective on Akaike's information criterion and Mallows's Cp for model selection, and propose generalisations to spherically and elliptically symmetric distributions. Despite the differences in their respective motivation, Cp and Akaike's information criterion are equivalent in the special case of Gaussian linear regression. In this case, they are also equivalent to a third criterion, an unbiased estimator of the quadratic prediction loss, derived from loss estimation theory. We then show that the form of the unbiased estimator of the quadratic prediction loss under a Gaussian assumption still holds under a more general distributional assumption, the family of spherically symmetric distributions. One of the features of our results is that our criterion does not rely on the specificity of the distribution, but only on its spherical symmetry. The same kind of criterion can be derived for a family of elliptically contoured distribution, which allows correlations, when considering the invariant loss. More specifically, the unbiasedness property is relative to a distribution associated to the original density. 相似文献