The linkage between development and health is clearly spelt out in the definition of primary health care by the World Health Organisation. There is a widespread and growing disillusionment with the traditional Western approach to health care which fails to meet the real demands of the Third World situation.
This paper looks briefly at conditions in the developing world and the strategy proposed by the W H O to attempt to meet the objective of health for all by the year 2000 and refers to the South African situation. 相似文献
"This paper extends the standard (two-factor, one-good) model of international factor movements, to include unemployment due to a minimum-income guarantee within the capital-abundant country. From this country's perspective, we establish important departures from previous (full-employment) results. Most notably, our analysis shows that: (1) free factor mobility is worse than no mobility; (2) the optimal degree of labour migration is zero; and (3) national welfare can always be maximized by an optimal flow of capital. The analysis is then extended to examine: (1) illegal migration; (2) subsidization of employment; and (3) alternative views of unemployment." 相似文献
This paper discusses the impact of a redistribution of current income from the White to the Black population on the distribution of sectoral output, and total employment by means of a semi‐closed input‐output model.
The results show that a redistribution of current income towards Black households — which no doubt will have positive social and political repercussions — has a non‐negative effect on GDP and a definite positive effect on the performance of sectors with a high private consumption expenditure component, as well as on total employment. 相似文献
This research examines the effect of an alliance competence on resource-based alliance success. The fundamental thesis guiding
this research is that an alliance competence contributes to alliance success, both directly and through the acquisition and
creation of resources. Using survey data gathered from 145 alliances, empirical tests of the hypotheses provide support for
the posited explanation of alliance success. The findings indicate that an alliance competence is not only antecedent to the
resources that are necessary for alliance success but also to alliance success itself.
C. Jay Lambe (Ph.D., The Darden School at University of Virginia) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Pamplin College of Business
at Virginia Tech. For 10 years prior to entering academe, he was engaged in business-to-business marketing for both Xerox
and AT&T. His research interests include business-to-business marketing, relationship marketing, marketing strategy, and sales
management. He has publications in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Product Innovation Management, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, theInternational Journal of Management Reviews, theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing, and theJournal of Relationship Marketing. He also serves as a reviewer for theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing. Prior to joining the faculty at Virginia Tech, he was one of five Texas Tech University faculty members chosen in 1999 from
the entire university for the annual Outstanding Faculty Member Award by the Mortar Board and Omicron Delta Kappa (Texas Tech
University student organizations that recognize excellence in teaching).
Robert E. Spekman is the Tayloe Murphy Professor of Business Administration at the Darden School at the University of Virginia. He was formerly
a professor of marketing and associate director of the Center for Telecommunications at the University of Southern California.
He is an internationally recognized authority on business-to-business marketing and strategic alliances. His consulting experiences
range from marketing research and competitive analysis, to strategic market planning, supply chain management, channels of
distribution design and implementation, and strategic partnering. He has taught in a number of executive programs in the United
States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, and Europe. His executive program experience ranges from general marketing strategy,
to sales force management, to channels strategy, to creating strategic alliances, to business-to-business marketing strategy,
to a number of single-company and senior executive management programs. He has edited and/or written seven books and has authored
(coauthored) more than 80 articles and papers. He also serves as a reviewer for a number of marketing and management journals,
as well as for the National Science Foundation. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Southern California, he
taught in the College of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. During his tenure at Maryland, he was granted
the Most Distinguished Faculty Award by the MBA students on three separate occasions.
Shelby D. Hunt is the J. B. Hoskins and P. W. Horn Professor of Marketing at Texas Tech University, Lubbock. A past editor of theJournal of Marketing (1985–87), he is the author ofModern Marketing Theory: Critical Issues in the Philosophy of Marketing Science (South-Western, 1991) andA General Theory of Competition: Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth (Sage, 2000). He has written numerous articles on competitive theory, macromarketing, ethics, channels of distribution, philosophy
of science, and marketing theory. Three of hisJournal of Marketing articles—“The Nature and Scope of Marketing” (1976), “General Theories and Fundamental Explananda of Marketing” (1983), and
“The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition” (1995) (with Robert M. Morgan)—won the Harold H. Maynard Award for the best
article on marketing theory. His 1985Journal of Business Research article with Lawrence B. Chonko, “Ethics and Marketing Management,” received the 2000 Elsevier Science Exceptional Quality
and High Scholarly Impact award. His 1989 article, ”Reification and Realism in Marketing: in Defense of Reason,” won theJournal of Macromarketing Charles C. Slater Award. For his contributions to theory and science in marketing, he received the 1986 Paul D. Converse
Award from the American Marketing Association, the 1987 Outstanding Marketing Educator Award from the Academy of Marketing
Science, and the 1992 American Marketing Association/Richard D. Irwin Distinguished Marketing Educator Award. 相似文献
When do consumers complain? This study probes this question by developing a conceptual framework that includes multiple theoretical perspectives, empirically testing a portion of the proposed model, and using dissatisfaction/complaint data from three different service industries. The hypothesized model uses multidimensional consumer complaint response estimates including voice, private, and third-party responses as dependent variables. Results support several proposed relationships, provide a high level of explained variance, and indicate a moderating role for dissatisfaction intensity. The complaint response estimates are characterized by disparate influence pathways, and expectancy value judgments emerge as critical determinants with positive and negative crossover effects. Attitude toward complaining is more dominant under low dissatisfaction intensity than it is under the high dissatisfaction condition. Important differences emerge across service categories. Implications of this work for managers and researchers in understanding when consumers complain are enumerated. 相似文献
Consumer outshopping research has shown there are significant, but weak, relationships between consumers' attitudes toward
local retailers and the degree to which they shop in local versus outlying areas. An alternative attitude measurement, retail
patronage loyalty, is proposed and empirically evaluated. The loyalty scale was shown to be a stronger and more generalizable
predictor of consumer outshopping behavior. 相似文献
The authors studied social alliances, a type of corporate societal marketing initiative. Their research finds that social
alliances are an important means whereby employees identify more closely with their organizations while gaining a greater
sense of being whole, integrated persons. Furthermore, this integration allows both organizations and their members to align
their commercial identities with their moral and social identities. As organizational members struggled to resolve conflicts
within their own identities, they were aided by social alliances, which in turn led them to identify more with their organizations.
Unlike previous research, the findings suggest that the kind of connections referred to by the informants went well beyond
the cold, rational associations described in previous research to emotional attachments that appear to be critical to organizational
identification. The results also suggest that participation in social alliances may result in multiple forms of identification:
intra- and interorganiza-tion identification.
Ida E. Berger (bergeri@ryerson.ca) is the associate director of faculty affairs and a professor of marketing in the School of Business
Management at Ryerson University. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. Her articles have appeared in leading
marketing journals, including theJournal of Consumer Research, Public Policy and Marketing, theJournal of Consumer Psychology, andCalifornia Management Review. Her current research interests include social alliances, voluntary and nonprofit sector studies, diversity, and the value
of sports in social inclusion. Her teaching interests include marketing theory, consumer behavior, and marketing communications.
Peggy H. Cunningham (pcunningham@business.queensu.ca) is the Marie Shantz Teaching Associate Professor of Marketing, School of Business, in the
Queen’s University. She completed her Ph.D. at Texas A&M University. Dr. Cunningham’s research interests revolve around two
related themes: marketing ethics and marketing partnerships (international strategic alliances, partnerships between for-profit
and not-for-profit organizations, relationships between firms and their customers). These areas of study are linked by their
focus on the concepts of trust, integrity, and commitment. She is the coauthor of the Canadian editions of a number of marketing
textbooks (Marketing Management; Principles of Marketing; and Marketing: An Introduction). Her work is published in a number of journals, including theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, the Journal of International Marketing, and California Management Review.
Minette E. Drumwright (mdrum@mail.utexas.edu) is an associate professor with a joint appointment in the College of Communication (Department of
Advertising) and the College of Liberal Arts at The University of Texas at Austin. Previously, Dr. Drumwright was on the marketing
faculties of Harvard Business School and the University of Texas Business School. She currently is the faculty chair of the
Bridging Disciplines Program in Ethics and Leadership at the University of Texas. She has a Ph.D. in business administration
(marketing) from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Drumwright’s current research is in the areas of corporate
social responsibility, marketing for nonprofit organizations, and business ethics. Her focus is on understanding how managers
and consumers integrate noneco-nomic criteria related to society into their decision making. Dr. Drumwright has studied noneconomic
criteria in various contexts, including cause-related marketing, partnerships between companies and nonprofit organizations,
socially responsible buying behavior, and corporate volunteerism. Her articles and cases have been published in various books
and journals, includingCalifornia Management Review, theJournal of Advertising, and theJournal of Marketing. 相似文献