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101.
Emmanuel Anoruo Habtu Braha Yusuf Ahmad 《International Advances in Economic Research》2002,8(2):85-96
This paper utilizes the dynamic error-correction model (DECM) to examine the issue of purchasing power parity (PPP) for 11 developing countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Guatemala, Kenya, Nigeria, Peru, South Africa, and Venezuela). For comparison purposes, evidence from the traditional unit root methods of the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron is presented. The results from the conventional unit root tests failed to find evidence of PPP in all of the cases. However, the results from the generalized error-correction model detected evidence of PPP for nine out of the 11 countries under consideration. Based on these results, it was concluded that PPP holds in the long-run for the sample countries and that the implicit restrictions associated with unit root tests prevented earlier studies from finding evidence in support of PPP theory.The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors only. They do not reflect the views of the World Bank. 相似文献
102.
103.
In this paper, we provide an axiomatic characterization of social welfare functions for uncertain incomes. Our most general result is that a small number of reasonable assumptions regarding welfare orderings under uncertainty rule out pure ex ante as well as pure ex post evaluations. Any social welfare function that satisfies these axioms should lie strictly between the ex ante and the ex post evaluations of income distributions. We also provide an axiomatic characterization of the weighted average of the minimum and the maximum of ex post and ex ante evaluations. 相似文献
104.
105.
Emmanuel Jimenez 《Journal of public economics》1985,27(1):69-92
It is estimated that up to 30–35 percent of the total urban population of the Third World (about 185 million people) live in squatter settlements. This paper presents, from an economic perspective of tenure choice under uncertainty, a unified and consistent theoretical framework of this phenomenon, which has heretofore been studied mainly by other social scientists. The model is able to explain why land invasions occur. Furthermore, it provides some insights as to why the number of squatters in an urban area depends on a squatter community's ability to form coalitions to fully protect its members' rights. It is shown in the paper that, if a community is successful in controlling its size, government efforts which are meant to reduce the number of squatters may lead to the opposite results. In particular, the imposition of heavier fines or the increase of government expenditures on eviction activity (threat campaigns, eviction in other jurisdictions, etc.) will likely lead to an increase in the optimal number of squatters, unless the decline in expected utility caused by these efforts is so great that squatting no longer becomes viable at any community size. 相似文献
106.
Emmanuel Thibault 《Economic Theory》2005,25(2):401-419
Summary. Using the savers-spenders theory developed by Mankiw (2000, AER), we propose microfoundations to the existence of rentiers in macroeconomic growth models. From an OLG model which acknowledges the great heterogeneity of consumer behavior apparent in the data, we capture the dynamic considerations of potential rentiers as a natural consequence of intertemporal utility maximization and we analyze realistic characteristics (proportion, wealth, propensity to save) of rentiers.JEL Classification Numbers:
E13, D64, J22.This paper is adapted from the fourth chapter of my Ph.D Thesis. Then, I thank Alain VENDITTI, my Ph.D Supervisor and Antoine dAUTUME and Pierre PESTIEAU my Ph.D Referees. Earlier version of this paper were presented at the International conference: New perspectives on (un)stability: the role of heterogeneity at Marseille, June 7-9, 2001 and at the X-th Spring School of the Associated European Laboratory (CNRS-FNRS/CORE-GREC-GREQAM) at Aix, 2001. I thank conference participants, in particular Olivier CHARLOT, Christian GHIGLINO, Kiminori MATSUYAMA and Philippe MICHEL for suggestions, helpful comments and discussions. I also thank a referee of this journal for his constructive comments. 相似文献
107.
Maria Conceição A. Silva Portela Emmanuel Thanassoulis 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,25(1-2):25-41
Traditional approaches to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) change through Malmquist indexes rely on distance functions. In this paper we show that the use of distance functions as a means to calculate TFP change may introduce some bias in the analysis, and therefore we propose a procedure that calculates TFP change through observed values only. Our total TFP change is then decomposed into efficiency change, technological change, and a residual effect. This decomposition makes use of a non-oriented measure in order to avoid problems associated with the traditional use of radial oriented measures, especially when variable returns to scale technologies are to be compared. The proposed approach is applied in this paper to a sample of Portuguese bank branches. 相似文献
108.
The adoption and use of information technology: a longitudinal study of a mature family firm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Through a longitudinal study of a mature family firm, this paper investigates the adoption and use of information technology in a family business. It is argued that the adoption and use of information technology is influenced by five key factors. These factors are discussed, leading to a presentation of a series of implications and conclusions. 相似文献
109.
The reasons which have been offered to explain the low labour market success encountered by ethnic minorities in Britain include their possible lack of motivation, lack of qualification and training opportunities, and discrimination in the labour market. Whilst discrimination as a contributory factor to labour market exclusion has been widely discussed in the literature, the efficacy of Government sponsored training schemes designed to equip ethnic minorities with skills which may improve their competitiveness and reduce their disadvantage has been subjected to less scrutiny. This article provides an evaluation of the role of Government sponsored employment training programmes in reducing ethnic minorities’ disadvantaged position in the labour market. It argues that training programmes designed to improve employment opportunities are failing members of the ethnic minority communities and are in some cases helping to extend their disadvantage. It identifies the reasons for the failure as (1) the constant changes in Government policies with the development of sometimes contradictory policies, and (2) the inefficiency and prejudice of the training and employing organisations which are involved in the process. The article concludes with an assessment of the consequences of continuing discrimination against ethnic minority communities. 相似文献
110.