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951.
952.
Cognitive function is an important predictor of mortality in the elderly. Over the past few years, an increasing number of life insurance companies have incorporated screening for cognitive impairment into the underwriting process at older ages. Many different test instruments provide a measurement of cognitive function. Among these, the 10 word delayed word recall test (DWR) offers the best opportunity to study mortality directly, because of a long history of use in long-term care risk assessment. This article revises and extends a previous report published in the Journal in 2006 looking at the relationship between DWR score and mortality. 相似文献
953.
James S. Linck Thomas J. Lopez Lynn Rees 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2007,28(4):327-352
Firm management typically claims that voluntary accounting method changes (VACs) are made to enhance the informativeness of
earnings by better matching accounting practices with economic reality. In contrast, skeptics argue that managers adopt new
accounting procedures to opportunistically manage earnings and influence their firm’s stock price. In this paper, we investigate
these alternative motives for VACs. Specifically, we investigate whether VACs cause equity prices to deviate from their fundamental
values in the short-term by studying the long-run stock-price performance for a sample of firms that voluntarily change accounting
methods. In addition, we investigate changes in earnings informativeness by examining the behavior of earning response coefficients
and the relationship between earnings and future cash flows in years surrounding the VAC event. In contrast to prior research,
we find little evidence that a strategy based solely on the earnings effect of a VAC can generate abnormal returns. While
we find weak evidence of post-VAC abnormal returns for extreme VACs, this result appears to be driven by the accruals anomaly
documented in Sloan [Sloan, R. G. (1996). The Accounting Review, 71, 289–315]. Our evidence further suggests that earnings informativeness is not significantly altered by voluntary changes
in accounting methods. Taken together, our evidence suggests the market recognizes the financial statement effects of alternative
acceptable accounting methods and efficiently processes the valuation implications of VACs.
相似文献
Lynn Rees (Corresponding author)Email: |
954.
955.
This article develops and empirically implements an arbitrage-free,dynamic term structure model with "priced" factor and regime-shiftrisks. The risk factors are assumed to follow a discrete-timeGaussian process, and regime shifts are governed by a discrete-timeMarkov process with state-dependent transition probabilities.This model gives closed-form solutions for zero-coupon bondprices, an analytic representation of the likelihood functionfor bond yields, and a natural decomposition of expected excessreturns to components corresponding to regime-shift and factorrisks. Using monthly data on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bondyields, we show a critical role of priced, state-dependent regime-shiftrisks in capturing the time variations in expected excess returns,and document notable differences in the behaviors of the factorrisk component of the expected returns across high and low volatilityregimes. Additionally, the state dependence of the regime-switchingprobabilities is shown to capture an interesting asymmetry inthe cyclical behavior of interest rates. The shapes of the termstructure of volatility of bond yield changes are also verydifferent across regimes, with the well-known hump being largelya low-volatility regime phenomenon. 相似文献
956.
An evaluation of SFAS No. 130 comprehensive income disclosures 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dennis Chambers Thomas J. Linsmeier Catherine Shakespeare Theodore Sougiannis 《Review of Accounting Studies》2007,12(4):557-593
In this study, we provide evidence on the pricing of other comprehensive income (OCI) that differs from most evidence in prior
research. Prior archival research has largely concluded that OCI is not priced by investors. In contrast, we provide evidence
in the post-SFAS 130 period that OCI is priced on a dollar-for-dollar basis as is predicted by economic theory for transitory
income items. We attribute this finding to our use of post-SFAS 130 as-reported measures of OCI rather than pre-SFAS 130 as-if estimates of OCI measures. Furthermore, we document that two components of OCI, foreign currency translation adjustment and
unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities, are priced by investors. In the post-SFAS 130 period, we also find
that the type of financial statement in which firms report OCI and its components affects pricing, consistent with the conclusions
of prior experimental research. However, our evidence suggests that investors pay greater attention to OCI information reported
in the statement of changes in equity, rather than in a statement of financial performance. This could be attributed to investors
becoming more familiar in the post-SFAS 130 period with the predominant reporting of OCI and its components in the statement
of changes in equity. These findings may be relevant to both the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International
Accounting Standards Board, which jointly are undertaking a new project that, in part, is addressing financial statement presentation
of OCI items.
相似文献
Theodore SougiannisEmail: |
957.
This paper considers binary response models where errors are uncorrelated with a set of instrumental variables and are independent of a continuous regressor v, conditional on all other variables. It is shown that these exclusion restrictions are not sufficient for identification and that additional identifying assumptions are needed. Such an assumption, introduced by Lewbel [Semiparametric qualitative response model estimation with unknown heteroskedasticity or instrumental variables. Journal of Econometrics 97, 145–177], is that the support of the continuous regressor is large, but we show that it significantly restricts the class of binary phenomena which can be analysed. We propose an alternative additional assumption under which β remains just identified and the estimation unchanged. This alternative assumption does not impose specific restrictions on the data, which broadens the scope of the estimation method in empirical work. The semiparametric efficiency bound of the model is also established and an existing estimator is shown to achieve that bound. The efficient estimator uses a plug-in density estimate. It is shown that plugging in the true density rather than an estimate is inefficient. Extensions to ordered choice models are provided. 相似文献
958.
While other industrial nations' health care systems have their own problems, they have more leeway to address those problems than does the United States, which spends twice as much on per capita health care as the average for other industrial capitalist democracies yet ranks average or below average in many comparative measures of health care quality. In fact, the authors of this article argue that international experience shows that assurance of universal access through expanded government involvement could provide savings while actually improving the quality of U.S. health care. In addition, universal access would recognize health care as a basic human right, not a commodity to be bartered in the marketplace and allocated based on class, race and social position. 相似文献
959.
Bryan J. Pesta Mary W. Hrivnak Kenneth J. Dunegan 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2007,19(1):45-55
Laws addressing harassment at work have evolved considerably since court systems first recognized that (sexual) harassment
is illegal. Now, managers must worry about protected classes other than sex (e.g., race, age, etc.), and the effects of harassment
on bystanders as well as victims (i.e., ambient harassment). Understanding these newer conceptualizations of workplace harassment
is critical for mangers dealing with an increasingly complex array of possible work environments, only some of which are illegal.
Toward this end, we present a taxonomy of eight possible work environments, created by parsing the legal definition of sexual
harassment (i.e., the first-recognized type of hostile work environment). The taxonomy illustrates the evolution of law in
this area, and highlights the multidimensional nature of workplace harassment. Also discussed are potential complications
arising from how a reasonable person and a victim might interpret behavior. Managers using the taxonomy may better assess
whether their work environments have crossed the line, or facilitate movement from less- to more-desirable work environments.
相似文献
Kenneth J. DuneganEmail: |
960.
In this paper, we empirically assess the importance of regional and sector-specific determinants of industry dynamics. To
this aim we test three hypotheses (originally proposed by Shapiro and Khemani (1987, Int J Indust Organ 5:15–26)) for the
relationship between the entry and exit of firms: independence, symmetry and simultaneity. Estimates from a panel data system
of equations seem to confirm the simultaneity hypothesis for Spain, i.e. we find evidence of a displacement (replacement)
effect between the gross rate of entry (exit) and the gross rate of exit (entry). Also, our results show that, irrespective
of the hypothesis we use, both sectorial and regional variables affect entry and exit.
相似文献
M. ManjónEmail: |