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101.
Organizational politics continues to be acknowledged as a real and important dimension of organizational functioning. Most research has focused on ‘perceptions of organizational politics’ where organizational politics is conceptualized negatively and its relationship with detrimental individual and organizational outcomes is demonstrated. We argue that organizational politics can be conceptualized as a multi-dimensional climate level construct and that ‘organizational political climate’ can be both functional and dysfunctional. We propose and explain a four dimensional model of organizational political climate informed by existing theoretical perspectives on power bases. The four key dimensions are represented by the building and use of personal power, positional power, connection power and informational power. We also highlight the need for a comprehensive measure of organizational political climate which is underpinned by the four dimensions and which enables an assessment of the extent to which the organizational political climate is functional and/or dysfunctional. In summary, we recommend that HR practitioners seek to understand the functional and dysfunctional dimensions of organizational political climate and implement practices to foster a positive political climate. We overview practical implications for HR managers and suggest a future research agenda. 相似文献
102.
Monetized medicine: from the physical to the fiscal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sajay Samuel Mark W. Dirsmith Barbara McElroy 《Accounting, Organizations and Society》2005,30(3):249-278
This paper explores professional rivalries as one force driving market-driven healthcare. Extending their jurisdiction beyond industrial settings, industrial engineers calibrated the physician's labor against fiscal metrics by devising product lines for hospitals. These products––diagnostic related groups (DRGs)––were not, however, intended as commodities. Economists, in contrast, proffered theoretical arguments justifying why medical care was best provided using market-like mechanisms. They assumed care as a commodity. The passage of the law mandating prospective Medicare payments for DRGs created a functioning market in care by identifying the products of engineers with the assumption of economists. Accountants, meanwhile, took this as a business opportunity to increase revenues. The transformation of medical service to care was intended to reduce runaway medical costs. Market-driven healthcare has resoundingly failed to fulfill that intention. Nevertheless, it has won a symbolic success. The trade in care also implies a merger of the physical and the fiscal and puts a “price on life”. The fact that much of medical practice and ethics presuppose health as a matter of wealth says that life and death, no less than health and sickness, are professional artifacts and commodities rather than natural phenomena. 相似文献
103.
Rallying the Troops or Beating the Horses? How Project‐Related Demands Can Lead to Either High‐Performance or Abusive Supervision
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Erin C. Gallagher PhD Alicia K. Mazur PhD Neal M. Ashkanasy PhD 《Project Management Journal》2015,46(3):10-24
In today's high‐pressure work environment, project managers are often forced to “do more with less.” We argue that this imperative can lead project managers to engage in either high‐performance or abusive supervision behaviors. To understand this process, we develop a model and associated propositions linking a project manager's cognitive appraisal of project‐related demands to high‐performance work practices versus abusive supervision behaviors—both of which impact three project outcomes: stakeholder relationships, people‐related project success factors, and employee well‐being. We propose that the choice between high‐performance work practices and abusive supervision behaviors is moderated by a project manager's personal resources (psychological capital, emotional intelligence, and dark triad personality). 相似文献
104.
The dramatic expansion of public and private financial markets in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution has received extensive attention. Despite this, little is known about how ordinary individual investors managed risk within this framework. Using a newly constructed dataset of share ownership for those joint‐stock companies listed in the financial press of the day, we reconstruct individual portfolio holdings for investors in these companies. We examine individual portfolio holdings first for the decade after the Glorious Revolution and then for the years around the South Sea Bubble. Despite a fivefold increase in the number of unique individuals in the market between the 1690s and the 1720s, we find that in each period roughly 80 per cent of those active in the equity market held shares in only one company, even though many shareholders had the capacity or wealth to diversify share portfolios. These outcomes suggest diversification against idiosyncratic liquidity risk. Overall, however, there is limited evidence that individuals were using their financial portfolios to protect against diversifiable shocks. For many, we argue, company‐specific voting and firm governance rules drove market activity. 相似文献
105.
Land use and income diversification: comparing traditional and colonist populations in the Brazilian Amazon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article compares and analyzes land use and income diversification among two distinct groups of farmers in the Brazilian Amazon: recent colonists in Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia, and traditional long‐term residents along the Tapajós River, Pará. We investigate the hypothesis that farmers who diversify their cash income sources clear less forest on an annual basis, and we compare these livelihood choices across colonist and traditional populations. In particular, we develop a conceptual model based on the household production framework and use econometric models to identify determinants of diversification and forest clearing. We find that diversification of agricultural cash crops is negatively correlated with forest clearing by colonists, providing limited evidence for the hypothesis. Other significant covariates of diversification and forest clearing include cash income levels, stage in family life cycle, cattle ownership, and chemical inputs. Differences in these variables, and differences in household response to these variables, explain variation in diversification and forest clearing across the two populations. 相似文献
106.
Customer relationship management seeks to understand how to generate profitable customers who enter into a long-term relationship with a firm. In this paper, we examine the role of modes of acquisition and retention programmes on customer lifetime in the context of a credit card issuing bank. While other papers have studied retention programmes such as loyalty card and reward card, there is no published study in the credit card context. Using a rich data set on nearly 5,000 customers observed over a three-year period, we are able to provide detailed insights about the efficacy of these strategies. We show that affinity cards customers and customers acquired through direct mail have longer lifetimes. We also find that reward card programmes generate customers with a shorter lifetime. Finally we re-examine the link between long-life customers and profitability and find that the relationship is weak, consistent with recent findings. 相似文献
107.
108.
A. Erinç Yeldan 《International Review of Applied Economics》1998,12(3):397-414
This paper investigates the impact of the Turkish public sector imbalances on the evolution of the economic crisis during 1990–93. A computable general equilibrium model is used. The theoretical basis of the model rests upon the structuralist/Keynesian macro foundations. Its distinguishing features entail accommodation of oligopolistic mark-up pricing rules in the industrial sectors, and endogenous solution of capacity utilisation and unemployment levels through Keynesian mechanisms of effective final demand. The results of the model underscore the importance of intra-class relations of income distribution and conflict in the evolution of price movements in the Turkish economy. It is further argued that the sources of the capitalist in the administrative interventions of the state towards protection of the capitalist and rural incomes, which would otherwise be squeezed out in favour of wage-labour in the early 1990s. 相似文献
109.
110.
Erin K. Sharpe 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(4):385-401
Grassroots recreation organizations are volunteer-run informal organizations that deliver sport and recreation at the local level. Using a qualitative case study approach, this study examined how the quality of experience in one community sport organization was affected by organizational capacity, or the ability of the organization to mobilize financial, human, and structural capital to fulfill its mission. While the volunteers mobilized social capital, the league experienced significant shortages of human capital including the professional competencies to meet increasingly complex administrative demands. This finding raises concerns about potential disenfranchisement of volunteers. 相似文献