Attitudes toward ethics: A view of the college student

This study investigated the differences in responses of undergraduate business students to an ethical dilemma. Demographic characteristics were collected on the respondents and profiled as a means of examining common bases for decision. The authors found that certain demographic characteristics appear to be predictors of ethical decision behavior of future businessmen.Eugene W. Grant, Jr. is Accounting Professor at Samford University. He has published several books as well as numerous articles. One of his areas of research interest is the predicability of ethical decision behavior in potential employees. Prior to joining academia, he was a consultant with the firm of Ernst & Whinney.Lowell Broom is the Dwight Moody Beeson Professor of Accounting at Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama. Professor Broom received his DBA in Accounting from Louisiana Tech University and is a CPA. He has previously served on the faculty of Baylor University and was employed by Ernst & Whinney prior to entering teaching.     

What are the least developed countries and what benefits may result from the Paris conference?

This paper focuses on the category of the least developed countries in the particular context of the Paris Conference, 1–14 September 1981, sponsored by the United Nations to agree on the Substantial New Programme of Action for the 1980s on behalf of these countries. There is first an examination of the category of least developed countries, the adequacy of criteria used to establish the category, the general economic performance of these countries during the 1960s and 1970s, and the pre-conference results of the list's creation. There follows a preliminary assessment of the results of the Paris Conference. The economic justifications for inclusion in the category are subject to much valid criticism and the likely benefits from this UN Conference will be much less than what the least developed countries themselves calculated to be necessary. Nonetheless, the category is a useful policy tool; and the results of the Conference appear a qualified success, especially in light of the unpropitious international context.     

Use of the principal component method in the maximum likelihood estimation procedure of the logit model

The maximum likelihood estimates of a qualitative response market are solved by an iterative procedure. When severe multicollinearity exists among the explanatory variables, this procedure may fail to converge. In this note, using a bank-failure model, we demonstrate how the principle component method can make the iterative procedure converge when it fails to do so in the untransformed model.     

An analysis of some short-term health effects of air pollution in the Washington,D.C. metropolitan area

This study assesses some of the short-term health effects of air pollution in Washington, D.C. Specifically, regression models are formulated to explain health-care visits to a group practice medical care plan. Primary interest is focused on the effects of mobile-source air pollutants, particularly photo-chemical oxidants. Meteorological conditions, as well as other variables thought to influence the consumption of medical services, are included in the models as explanatory variables. The study found only a small effect of air pollution levels on the health-care visits to the group practice.     

Empirical economics acknowledges the cooperation of

Empirical economics acknowledges the cooperation of     

Asset returns and inflation

We estimate the extent to which various assets were hedges against the expected and unexpected components of the inflation rate during the 1953–1971 period. We find that U.S. government bonds and bills were a complete hedge against expected inflation, and private residential real estate was a complete hedge against both expected and unexpected inflation. Labor income showed little short-term relationship with either expected or unexpected inflation. The most anomalous result is that common stock returns were negatively related to the expected component of the inflation rate, and probably also to the unexpected component.     

The information in the term structure

This paper presents a regression approach to measuring the information in forward interest rates about time varying premiums and future spot interest rates. Like earlier work, the regressions identify variation in the expected premiums on longer-maturity Treasury bills. The more novel evidence concerns the forecasts of future spot rates in forward rates. The regressions provide evidence that the one-month forward rate has power to predict the spot rate one month ahead. During periods preceding 1974, forward rates have reliable forecast power for one-month spot rates up to five months in the future.     

A Recommended formula for scoring probabilistic multiple-choice tests

This paper addresses the issue of how best to score test responses obtained when using Probabilistically Answered Examinations (PAE). After discussing the PAE methodology, the paper identifies and explores the attributes of a simple, intuitively appealing scoring rule. The results of this analysis suggest that, in many classroom situations, this simple scoring rule produces indices of test effectiveness that are at least as good as those produced by more complicated and costly scoring rules. These tentative findings are drawn upon in support of the use of this simple scoring rule with PAE.