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1.
Economists often operate under an implicit assumption that the tastes of a decision maker are quite stable, while his beliefs change with the availability of new information. We show that for a general class of preferences, a separation of a key component of tastes, the utility function, from the other components of the representation is possible only if the decision maker's preferences satisfy a mild but not completely innocuous condition, called ‘certainty independence’. We also outline the axiomatic characterization of the preferences that obtain such separation, which are a subset of the biseparable preferences. 相似文献
2.
This paper uses a two-country, flexible-price model with overlapping generations of infinitely lived households to study the role of net foreign asset dynamics in the propagation of productivity shocks. Absence of Ricardian equivalence ensures existence of a unique steady-state level of net foreign assets, to which the economy returns following temporary shocks. Model dynamics are significantly different from those of a setup in which terms of trade movements perform all the international adjustment and net foreign assets do not move. The difference relative to a complete markets economy in which net foreign asset movements play no role in shock transmission is smaller. It is amplified if the substitutability across goods rises and if shocks are permanent. 相似文献
3.
Summary. We study a one-sector stochastic optimal growth model with a representative agent. Utility is logarithmic and the production function is of the Cobb-Douglas form with capital exponent
. Production is affected by a multiplicative shock taking one of two values with positive probabilities p and 1-p. It is well known that for this economy, optimal paths converge to a unique steady state, which is an invariant distribution. We are concerned with properties of this distribution. By using the theory of Iterated Function Systems, we are able to characterize such a distribution in terms of singularity versus absolute continuity as parameters
and p change. We establish mutual singularity of the invariant distributions as p varies between 0 and 1 whenever
. More delicate is the case
. Singularity with respect to Lebesgue measure also appears for values
such that
. For
and
Peres and Solomyak (1998) have shown that the distribution is a.e. absolutely continuous. Characterization of the invariant distribution in the remaining cases is still an open question. The entire analysis is summarized through a bifurcation diagram, drawn in terms of pairs
.Received: 9 April 2002, Revised: 29 October 2002, JEL Classification Numbers:
C61, O41.Correspondence to: Tapan MitraThis research was partially supported by CNR (Italy) under the "Short-term mobility" program and by M.U.R.S.T. (Italy) National Group on "Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Models in Economics and Finance" . We are indebted to Rabi Bhattacharya for providing us with the reference to Solomyak's (1995) paper. The present version has benefitted from comments by Mukul Majumdar and two anonymous referees. 相似文献
4.
This paper attempts to combine the political economics models on separation of powers between the legislature and the executive with public choice theories on the behavior of the judicial branch. We obtain a model of political accountability and checks and balances with up to three government branches: the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. We conclude that an independent judiciary improves the political accountability of democratic systems relative to the political economics models with two government branches. An accommodating judiciary, however, changes the distribution of political rents without improving accountability. 相似文献
5.
This paper provides a model of democratic government as a compound of independent elective and non elective centers of power that compete in fostering the demands of voters and of interest groups. The analysis describes how interests of voters and of pressure groups are represented and under what conditions the compound democracy is more responsive to voters' or to interest groups' demands. These conditions are shown to depend on the center of power's relative opportunity costs at serving a plurality of interests and on the severeness of informational asymmetries between voters and interest groups. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, we analyze the pattern of employment adjustment using a rich panel of Norwegian plants. The data suggest that the frequency of episodes of zero net employment changes is inversely related to plant size. We develop and estimate a simple “q” model of labor demand, allowing for the presence of fixed, linear and quadratic components of adjustment costs. The econometric evidence supports the existence of purely fixed components, unrelated to plant size. As a result, the range of inaction is wider for smaller plants. The quadratic component of costs is also always important. In most specifications fixed costs are higher for employment contractions. The quadratic component is higher during employment contractions compared to expansions for small plants, while this is not true for larger plants. 相似文献
7.
Fabio Privileggi 《Decisions in Economics and Finance》1995,18(2):165-180
A notion of finitely optimal plan for intertemporal optimization problems as a necessary condition for optimality is introduced. Under interiority of a feasible plan and differentiability of the return function, such a plan satisfies the stochastic analogue of deterministicEuler-Lagrange conditions, which become also sufficient conditions under concavity of the return function. Then, under more general assumptions, a sufficient criterion of optimality based on competitive plans supported by price systems and transversality conditions is discussed. Differently from the current literature, no restrictive hypotheses on the probability measure of the random shocks are assumed.
Sommario Nella prima parte del lavoro si studiano le soluzioni dettefinitamente ottime che costituiscono una condizione necessaria per l'ottimalità di un piano ammissibile . Sotto ipotesi di interiorità del piano ammissibile e di differenziabilità della funzione obiettivo uniperiodaleF, vengono formulate le condizioni necessarie diEuler-Lagrange in ambito stocastico; aggiungendo l'ulteriore ipotesi di concavità perF, tali condizioni diventano anche sufficienti per l'ottimalità finita.La teoria viene poi estesa al caso sopradifferenziabile ottenendo una generalizzazione delle condizioni di Euler-Lagrange stocastiche che consente di individuare i piani finitamente ottimi mediante la nozione dicompetitività, ovvero supportabilità di un sistema di prezzi aleatori. Con una condizione di trasversalità all'infinito, la competitività diventa condizione sufficiente anche per l'ottimalità propria (cioè non solo finita).La peculiarità della presente trattazione è che tali condizioni sono formulate sotto ipotesi molto generali per quanto riguarda il processo degli shocks esogeni.相似文献
8.
Fabio D'Orlando 《Atlantic Economic Journal》1996,24(1):83-93
The collection of essays edited by Giovanni Caravale has the explicit aim of letting the reader know the principal positions
that have characterized the long-lasting debate in the themes of Marxian economics. In particular, the book is concerned with
the contributions of those authors who recognize the relevance of Piero Sraffa's analysis for the interpretation of Marxian
economic thought, showing that, even among these authors, opinions on the topic are deeply different. The book consists of
two volumes: the first one, "Values, Prices and Exploitation," deals with the main theme of Marxian value theory, while the
second, "The Future of Capitalism and the History of Thought," deals with discussion of the law of the falling rate of profit
and of the role of Marx's theory in the history of economic thought. 相似文献
9.
Free‐riding in multi‐party alliances: The role of perceived alliance effectiveness and peers' collaboration in a research consortium 下载免费PDF全文
Research summary : Multi‐party alliances rely on partners' willingness to commit and pool their efforts in joint endeavors. However, partners face the dilemma of how much to commit to the alliance. We shed light on this issue by analyzing the relationship between partners' free‐riding—defined as their effort‐withholding—and their perceptions of alliance effectiveness and peers' collaboration. Specifically, we posit a U‐shaped relationship between partners' subjective evaluations of alliance effectiveness and their free‐riding. We also hypothesize a negative relation between partners' perceptions of the collaboration of peer organizations and their free‐riding. Results from a mixed‐method study—combining regression analysis of primary data on a major inter‐organizational research consortium and evidence from two experimental designs—support our hypotheses, bearing implications for the multi‐party alliances literature. Managerial summary : Free‐riding is a major concern in multi‐party alliances such as large research consortia, since the performance of these governance forms hinges on the joint contribution of multiple partners that often operate according to different logics (e.g., universities, firms, and government agencies). We show that, in such alliances, partners' perceptions have relevant implications for their willingness to contribute to the consortium's shared goals. Specifically, we find that partners free‐ride more—that is, contribute less—when they perceive the effectiveness of the overall alliance to be either very low or very high. Partners also gauge their commitment to the alliance on the perception of the effort of their peers—that is, other organizations similar to them. These findings provide managers of multi‐party alliances with additional levers to motivate partners to contribute fairly to such joint endeavor. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
We examine the relationship between cyclical fluctuations and macroeconomic, institutional, and cultural indicators for 46 countries from Europe and the Mediterranean basin. In the Mediterranean cycles are different: the duration of expansions is shorter; the amplitude of recessions is larger; and cyclical synchronization is smaller than elsewhere. Differences in cultural indicators have strong and significant associations with differences in the persistence and volatility of cyclical fluctuations and their synchronization. 相似文献