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991.
Lee Branstetter Chirantan Chatterjee Matthew J. Higgins 《The Rand journal of economics》2016,47(4):857-890
This article estimates welfare effects of accelerated generic entry via Paragraph IV challenges. Using data from 2000–2008 for hypertension drugs in the United States, we estimate demand using a random‐coefficients logit model. We find consumers gain $42 billion whereas producers lose $32.5 billion from entry. This modest $9.5 billion gain in social welfare is consistent with our observation that overall consumption does not increase after entry—generic sales displace branded sales, shifting surplus downstream from producers to consumers, insurance companies, and retailers. We demonstrate significant cross‐molecular substitution and discuss challenges in determining what fraction of downstream surplus actually goes to consumers. 相似文献
992.
Subjectivity in fair-value estimates,audit quality,and informativeness of other comprehensive income
Cheol Lee Myung S. Park 《Advances in accounting, incorporating advances in international accounting》2013
This study empirically examines whether difference in audit quality is reflected in the pricing of other comprehensive income (OCI). Specifically, we first investigate whether OCI measures of Big 4 clients are more value-relevant than those of non-Big 4 clients. Considering different degrees of subjective management judgment involved in the OCI reporting process, we then explore whether the differential valuation effect of OCI between Big 4 and non-Big 4 clients is more pronounced for more subjective OCI components (e.g., minimum pension liability and foreign currency-translation adjustment) than a less subjective component (e.g., marketable securities adjustment). We predict that the aggregate OCI of a Big 4 client is more value-relevant than that of a non-Big 4 client. We also hypothesize that the differential valuation effect between Big 4 and non-Big 4 clients can be attributed to the amount of subjective assumption and judgment required in estimating OCI. Consistent with our predictions, we find that aggregate OCI audited by a Big 4 auditor has incremental information content over earnings, compared to OCI audited by a non-Big 4 auditor. More interestingly, our results also show that the differential valuation effect between Big 4 and non-Big 4 clients is stronger for OCI components of a more subjective nature. Our results are robust even after controlling for self-selection bias, the potential effect of the financial crisis, and other related effects. 相似文献
993.
虚拟集群式旅游供应链模型构建研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章基于旅游供应链理论研究动态与现代信息技术发展态势,提出以信息拉动式为特征的在线旅游供应链(e-tourism supply chain)的理念。从集群式供应链视角,分析了虚拟集群式旅游供应链建立的动因,构建了虚拟集群式旅游供应链理论模型。文章通过创新旅游供应链研究视角,借鉴产业集群与供应链管理耦合研究理论,试图在赛博空间(Cyberspace)里,构建起虚拟集群式旅游供应链的理论框架,可分成4个部分:(1)旅游者信息链,是围绕着每个旅游者需求信息的一条\"信息拉动式供应链\",在此基础上形成旅游企业旅游服务大规模定制链;(2)旅游服务定制链,旅游企业在以\"旅游者\"为中心的信息链上提供即时响应、即时采购、即时生产、即时销售的敏捷制造服务,同业性旅游企业合作服务于旅游者;(3)信息共享平台,包括旅游者需求汇集、统计、分流平台,旅游企业沟通平台和旅游评价平台;(4)专业化辅助企业,具有弹性专精的优势,缓解大规模标准通用化服务提供和市场的定制化随机要求(stochastic demand)之间的矛盾,满足了旅游者对定制化旅游服务需求。 相似文献
994.
The use of debt is prevalent in the restaurant industry. While there have been numerous studies on restaurant capital structure, this study examines the relationship between firm performance and effective interest rate on debt used by restaurant firms. This study uses a sample of 56 publicly traded U.S. restaurant firms for the years 2012–2014. We examine the relationship between effective interest rates and firm performance as measured by approximate Tobin’s Q, return on assets, and return on equity. We find a significant and positive relationship between effective interest rates and return on equity. 相似文献
995.
Sales managers often are required to give negative information to their sales personnel. Perhaps the salespeople's territories will be reduced, their compensation or expense program decreased, or their positions realigned or eliminated. Although extensive research has examined delivering negative news to sales personnel, no empirical work has yet explored how that inimical information should be disseminated to sales subordinates. Scholars in organizational psychology argue that providing adverse news to employees using interpersonal sensitivity is advantageous for both the individual and the organization. To date, though, this issue has not been investigated in a selling context. Therefore, this article reports the results of an exploratory study that investigated factors that influence whether sales managers provide negative communication to salespeople in an interpersonally sensitive fashion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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998.
2005年,中国金融市场亮点耀眼,精彩纷呈。货币市场方面,金融工具品种增加,市场交易规模扩大,短期融资券市场发展迅猛,票据市场稳步壮大,货币经纪公司开始破题,回购市场利率低企,拆借市场活跃程度有所下降;资本市场方面,股市行情低迷依旧,股权分置改革全面展开,改革步伐逐渐加快,券商综合治理力度不断加大,金融创新产品大量涌现,机构投资者迅速发展。 相似文献
999.
高校社会主义核心价值体系研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从党的十六届六中全会提出社会主义核心价值体系命题,到党的十八大强调社会主义核心价值体系是兴国之魂,决定着中国特色社会主义发展方向。学术界关于高校社会主义核心价值体系建设的研究如火如荼。对已有研究成果进行分析梳理,可以为深入研究社会主义核心价值体系提供参考和借鉴,推动高校更好地践行社会主义核心价值体系。 相似文献
1000.
长春黄金研究院始创于1958年,隶属于中国黄金集团公司,是中国专门从事黄金工业基础理论研究与工程技术发展的国家级科研机构,是一家以技术服务、技术咨询、技术转让、技术合作为主体经营, 相似文献