Location and the theory of production: A review,summary and critique of recent contributions

This paper has two main objectives. First, a generalized version of the Moses-type production- location model is developed where both the input variables and the location variables are allowed to adjust simultaneously. Secondly, the results of the recent articles relating to the Moses framework are discussed in the context of our generalized structure. We conclude that - unless one is willing to assume either the transport rate of output is zero or the location is constrained to be on the Moses arc - if transport rates do not depend on quantities shipped then location is independent of output when the production function is homogeneous of degree one. If transport rates depend on quantities shipped (e.g. quantity discounts), then a production function which is linearly homogeneous is not sufficient to insure that location is independent of output unless the transport rate functions have constant elasticities.     

Television Advertising and Beef Demand: An Econometric Analysis of "Split-Cable" Household Panel Scanner Data

The Beef Promotion and Research Act of 1985 led to significant increases in the generic promotion of beef in the United States. Widely familiar television advertising campaigns. distributed throlgh national television networks, have been among the most visible outgrowths of this vigorous promotional effort. This study reports the results of econometric analysis of fresh beef consumption data for households participating in a controlled, experimental investigation of the television advertising's effects on beef demand. While factors such as price, income and household demographics are shown to be significant determinants of fresh beef purchases, the advertising campaigns apparently did not increase, and may even have decreased, the panelists' demand for beef.
La Loi américaine sur la promotion et sur la recherche sur la viande bovine (1985) a entrainé un accroissement significatif de la promotion du boeuf aux États-Unis. Des campagnes télévisées de publicité très suivies, réparties sur les grands réseaux de télévision du pays, ont été I'un des aspects les plus visibles de ces vigoureux programmes de promotion. L'étude fait rapport sur les résultats d'une analyse économétrique de la consommation de boeuf frais chez les ménages participant à une enqueCte expérimentale, controClée, sur les effets de la publicité télévisée sur la demande de boeuf. Alors que des facteurs comme le prix, les revenus et la structure des ménages se réevèlent comme des déterminants importants des achats de viande de boeuf, les campagnes publicitaires ne semblent pas avoir accrula demande chez les foyers participants; ils l'auraient meCme dans certains cas diminuée.     

Reaping the Fruits of Science: Comparing Exploitations of a Scientific Breakthrough in European Innovation Systems

This paper is an attempt to unpack the emergence and dynamics of science-based technologies in conceptual forms that allow us to understand better when and how the social and economic organization of search and problem-solving matters. The evolution over two decades of a specific science-based technology is mapped with data from its 192 patents. For the five European countries generating the majority of patents, we identify the host organizations of all 275 inventors involved in the R&D behind the patents. Using network analysis we then map the evolution of separate innovation systems and their structural and evolutionary characteristics. The best performing system combines a cumulative pattern with frequent and shifting connections to non-system R&D partners while maintaining a small core of almost omnipresent inventor-organizations. The role of multinational corporations in orchestrating innovation systems is apparent.     

Giffen Behavior and Subsistence Consumption

This paper provides the first real-world evidence of Giffen behavior, i.e., upward sloping demand. Subsidizing the prices of dietary staples for extremely poor households in two provinces of China, we find strong evidence of Giffen behavior for rice in Hunan, and weaker evidence for wheat in Gansu. The data provide new insight into the consumption behavior of the poor, who act as though maximizing utility subject to subsistence concerns. We find that their elasticity of demand depends significantly, and nonlinearly, on the severity of their poverty. Understanding this heterogeneity is important for the effective design of welfare programs for the poor. (JEL D12, O12).     

Testing theoretical explanations for investment behaviour in the Dutch beam trawler fishery in the North Sea

In this study, we investigate whether the neoclassical economic theory, capital market frictions or preference-based theory can explain investment behaviour in the Dutch beam trawler fishery in the North Sea. By presenting a number of estimations, we show that vessels conducting pulse fishing invest substantially more than similar vessels undertaking conventional fishing, even after controlling for differences in such variables as capital stock, prices, profits and quotas. One possible explanation for this result is that vessel owners may obtain a separate benefit from investing in pulse fishing.     

Innovation adoption and diffusion when there are competing innovations

Firms face a choice between two innovations without knowing which of the two is better. Each firm has a prior that one of the innovations is better, which is updated by Bayes rule as trials with the innovations are made. A simple decision rule indicating which innovation should be tried, given any posterior, is derived and used to define an expected diffusion curve for the better innovation. This curve has the commonly observed ogive shape, even in the absence of any external demonstration effect, when the distribution of firm priors belongs to a general class.