Measurement specification and leisure satisfaction

Abstract

A comparison of specific expressive and instrumental indicators of satisfaction were compared against general measures of satisfaction. Research was conducted to explore specific indicators of satisfaction which included expressive measures representing major intrinsic goals of a leisure activity and instrumental measures which serve to facilitate those goals. Expressive indicators of satisfaction involving core experiences were most salient in explaining variance in general measures of satisfaction. Specific instrumental indicators of satisfaction did not contribute significantly to explaining variance in general measures of satisfaction.     

Authentic subcultural membership: Antecedents and consequences of authenticating acts and authoritative performances

The postmodern consumer often finds authenticity in communities of consumption including those that are based around a focal brand. Two means through which authenticity can be achieved are an individual authenticating act or a collective authoritative performance. Using this dual lens, the contested nature of authenticity within subcultures is explored. Drawing on long, interpretive interviews with surfers, skaters, and snowboarders, it was found that the contested nature of authentic community membership is driven by different identity benefits, including flow and kinship. These two separate benefits lead members to engage different brand‐related cues when seeking an authentic brand partner. This paper advances the understanding of subcultural authenticity by identifying the diversity of identity goals sought from membership of consumption communities and by linking antecedents and outcomes of authenticity, and associated consumption behaviors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Leisure co‐participant preferences of the elderly: Age‐homogeneity versus age‐heterogeneity

Abstract

Leisure participation often occurs in the company of others. Therefore, identifying the nature of preferred others is important in understanding antecedent conditions which facilitate the leisure experience. A major characteristic in determining co‐participant preferences of the elderly is the preferred age of others involved in the activity. This study was conducted to determine whether older individuals prefer to interact with age‐peers or with younger individuals when participating in 19 selected leisure activities. Results indicated a preference for age‐heterogeneity in interaction. However, old respondents were more likely to select old co‐participants than were young respondents.     

Foreign exposure through domestic equities

We show that US investors obtain substantial foreign exposure through their holdings of domestic equities. Domestic multinationals, in particular, provide significant foreign exposure. We also find that, although the average US investor is less tilted toward domestic multinationals, institutional investors do overweight domestic firms that are more internationally oriented. ‘Indirect’ foreign holdings through domestic multinationals are shown to be substantial; combining them with reported data on international positions almost doubles US investors’ total ‘foreign’ holdings. Our findings indicate that the home bias is not as severe as assessments based on reported international investment statistics suggest.     

The determinants of female recruitment

Each year the net effect of transitions between jobs, and between employment and non-employment is that there has been a steady rise in the proportion of women and part-timers in employment in Britain. the determinants of one particular transition, namely recruitment, are analysed using 1983 data, in the light of existing theories about female employment. The conclusions are that recruitment of women and part-timers is promoted by the expansion of those occupations in which women are traditionally more concentrated, by their low pay and conditions in relation to men, and by the greater availability of married women for recruitment. The buffer mechanism, wherein firms are hypothesized to hire more female labour when unemployment is low and to hoard male labour in recessions, finds no empirical support.     

The Relative Importance of Employer and Employee Effects on Compensation: A Comparison of France and the United States

Using individual data on compensation, matched with establishment and firm data on performance and inputs, we compare the French and American pay systems. The compensation measures are decomposed into components related to measured individual characteristics, establishment–enterprise effects, and a residual. In France, the compensation outcomes are more compressed than in the United States. For France, individual characteristics and establishment effects explain more of the variability in compensation outcomes than in the United States. The observable and unobservable components of compensation are identically correlated in the two countries. The relations among compensation components (individual and establishment) and firm performance outcomes (value-added per worker, sales per worker, and profit per unit of capital) exhibit some important similarities and differences between the countries. Higher paid workers, either because of individual characteristics or establishment effects, are employed in firms that are more productive. Higher pay due to enterprise heterogeneity is associated with higher profitability in France but lower profitability in the United States. J. Japan Int. Econ. December 2001, 15(4), pp. 419–436. Department of Labor Economics, Cornell University, 259 Ives Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853–3901, CREST and NBER; CREST-INSEE, 15, bd Gabriel Péri, 92245 Malakoff Cedex, France, CEPR and IZA; LAMIA-TEAM, Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 106–112, bd de l'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13, France, and Crest; and Department of Economics, University of Missouri–Columbia, 118 Professional Bldg., Columbia, Missouri 65211. © 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: J31, D21.