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81.
Traditional pre-1929 consumption measures understate the extent of serial correlation in the US annual real growth rate of per capita consumption of non-durables and services due to measurement limitations in the construction of their major components. Under alternative measures proposed in this study, the serial correlation of consumption growth is \(0.42\) for the \(1899\) \(2012\) , contrary to the estimate of \(-0.15\) under the traditional measures. This new evidence implies that the class of economies studied by Mehra and Prescott (J Monet Econ 15(2):145–161, 1985) generates a negative equity premium for reasonable risk aversion levels, thus, further exacerbating the equity premium puzzle.  相似文献   
82.
The early prediction of bad debtors in revolving loans in Mexico is a relevant current issue. The proposed econometric model of behavioral scoring considers the changes in the characteristics of consolidated clients and produces better results than those obtained with methodology used by the CNBV on provisions. The obtained results show the possibility of replacing the current model, minimizing the expected loss and increasing the ROA of Mexican financial institutions in 2.20% complying the methodology and statistical testing criteria according to the Unique Banking Dispositions and the guidelines of Basel II on credit risk.  相似文献   
83.
We present a portfolio decision model for banks that permits us to estimate the costs associated with the need to collateralise loans from the central bank. This allows us to calibrate the difference between a restrictive collateral eligibility framework for open market operations, such as that applied by the FED, with a more flexible approach such as that of Eurosystem. We also document that there could potentially appear relevant cost differences between the various collateral mobilisation procedures (pooling and earmarking) that currently coexist in the eurozone.  相似文献   
84.
A growing number of developing economies are providing cashtransfers to poor people that require certain behaviors on theirpart, such as attending school or regularly visiting healthcare facilities. A simple ex ante methodology is proposed forevaluating such programs and used to assess the Bolsa Escolaprogram in Brazil. The results suggest that about 60 percentof poor 10- to 15-year-olds not in school enroll in responseto the program. The program reduces the incidence of povertyby only a little more than one percentage point, however, andthe Gini coefficient falls just half a point. Results are betterfor measures more sensitive to the bottom of the distribution,but the effect is never large.  相似文献   
85.
In this article, a new methodology for obtaining a premium based on a broad class of conjugate prior distributions, assuming lognormal claims, is presented. The new class of prior distributions arise in a natural way, using the conditional specification technique introduced by Arnold, Castillo, and Sarabia (1998, 1999) . The new family of prior distributions is very flexible and contains, as particular cases, many other distributions proposed in the literature. Together with its flexibility, the main advantage of this distribution is that, due to its dependence on a large number of hyperparameters, it allows incorporating a wide amount of prior information. Several methods for hyperparameter elicitation are proposed. Finally, some examples with real and simulated data are given.  相似文献   
86.
This paper solves numerically the intertemporalconsumption and portfolio choiceproblem of an infinitely-lived investor whofaces a time-varying equity premium.The solutions we obtain are very similarto the approximate analytical solutionsof Campbell and Viceira (1999), except atthe upper extreme of the state spacewhere both the numerical consumption andportfolio rules flatten out.We also consider a constrained version ofthe problem in which the investor facesborrowing and short-sales restrictions.These constraints bind when the equitypremium moves away from its mean in eitherdirection, and are particularly severe forrisk-tolerant investors. The constraints havesubstantial effects on optimalconsumption, but much more modest effects onoptimal portfolio choice in theregion of the state space where they are notbinding.  相似文献   
87.
Group affiliation increases boards' compensation in countries as different as Korea, India, Hong Kong and Italy. In this paper, I examine a 6-year sample of controller-dominated, concentrated-ownership firms in Chile in search of a rationale for these results.I show that, for group-affiliated companies, controllers' presence on the board of directors is associated with a strong negative relation between chair and board compensation and controllers' cash-flow rights. Furthermore, I show that controllers of group-affiliated companies prefer to increase chair and board compensation rather than dividends as their cash-flow rights decrease.  相似文献   
88.
This paper investigates the presence of liquidity premia in the relative pricing of assets traded on the Spanish government securities market. First, a classification of bonds into four different categories based on their degree of liquidity is proposed. Second, liquidity premia are estimated introducing liquidity parameters in the estimation of the zero-coupon yield curve. Results suggest the existence of a liquidity premium for post-benchmark bonds (both strippable and non-strippable). The size of this premium is relatively small. In the case of pre-benchmark bonds, the lack of liquidity does not seem to be priced. It is also shown that these pricing discrepancies are robust to the impact of taxes on bonds.  相似文献   
89.
We analyze a pure bargaining problem when decisions require simple majority and self interested players make unilateral demands. In contrast to the case where proposals consist of complete sharing profiles, this content of proposals prevents implicit side-payments inside the committee, and so non-discriminatory outcomes might be expected. We show that in some settings this is the case and the surplus is universally shared.  相似文献   
90.
We argue that business firms are faced with new and changing social demands, and that it will be advantageous to the firm to treat the social demands as strategic issues. However, responding to these social demands strategically requires the application of new managerial concepts and techniques. In this paper we extend conceptually the lead-lag methodology of Ackerman and Bauer (1976), developed to deal with the evolutionary nature of social demands. Then we describe the problems of measurement, uncertainty and lack of common units of measures that have to be overcome before the responses to the social demands can be included in the strategic planning and budget process.  相似文献   
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