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121.
Summary. The study of evolutionary dynamics was so far mainly restricted to finite strategy spaces. In this paper we show that this
unsatisfying restriction is unnecessary. We specify a simple condition under which the continuous time replicator dynamics
are well defined for the case of infinite strategy spaces. Furthermore, we provide new conditions for the stability of rest
points and show that even strict equilibria may be unstable. Finally, we apply this general theory to a number of applications
like the Nash demand game, the War of Attrition, linear-quadratic games, the harvest preemption game, and games with mixed
strategies.
Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: January 31, 2000 相似文献
122.
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124.
Frank Barry 《Development Southern Africa》2000,17(3):289-305
Ireland has been the economic success story of the 1990s. Growth in GNP and in employment has far exceeded those seen elsewhere. We ask first whether this is simply a delayed catching-up process. Even if this turns out to be so, the question remains as to what the key differences in policy were between the unsuccessful phase, from 1950 to 1988, and the phenomenally successful phase since then. We present a brief overview of the key differences in terms familiar from conventional growth theory, and go on to look more carefully at the constellation of factors explaining the precise timing of the turnaround in economic fortunes. 相似文献
125.
Frank Shostak 《Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics》2000,3(4):69-76
Conclusion As we have shown, the validity of various definitions of money cannot be ascertained by means of a statistical correlation
with national income. A valid definition can be established by following the essentialist approach—that is, by focusing on
the distinguishing characteristics of an entity. Contrary to mainstream thinking, we have shown that the money supply definition
remains intact, notwithstanding the deregulation of financial markets and the introduction of electronic means of payments. 相似文献
126.
An assessment of market-based approaches to providing ecosystem services on agricultural lands 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Market-based approaches are increasingly being advocated as tools for achieving the conservation of ecosystem services. We examine the reasons why markets so far appear to have failed to provide an efficient allocation of many ecosystem services, and identify the conditions under which markets deliver efficient resource allocation. We discuss different forms of market-based approaches to ecosystem services and identify the characteristics of services that make them better suited to one or another of these approaches. We find that lack of low-cost measurability and valuation currently precludes efficient allocation of many ecosystem services through market-based approaches. Still, some forms of market-based approaches hold promise for cost-effectively managing some ecosystem services provided by and to agricultural lands. In many cases some form of well-designed government involvement will be required to seek outcomes that protect the public interest. 相似文献
127.
128.
Stéphane Chrétien Frank Coggins 《The North American Journal of Economics and Finance》2009,20(1):1-23
This paper investigates the relationship between federal election outcomes and expected returns and volatilities in the Canadian money, bond, equity and currency markets from 1951 to 2006. There is little evidence that investment opportunities are different in minority versus majority parliaments and only money market returns differ in Conservative versus Liberal governments. The equity market performs better in the late part of the electoral cycle than in the first two years. Furthermore, the Canadian equity investment opportunities are better in Democratic versus Republican administrations and in the late versus early parts of the presidential electoral cycle. The Canadian dollar is also affected by American election outcomes. No apparent variation in risk or expected state of the economy accounts for the differences in returns. 相似文献
129.
Ethical decision theory may not be sufficiently well developed to furnish reliable guidelines to people involved in complex decision making that involves conflict between ethical considerations and business imperatives such as making a profit. In conditions of ethical uncertainty hindsight bias may occur, and this study reports on an exploration of hindsight bias effects among participants in continuing education in business programmes. Perceptions of business ethics were found to differ among groups within the sample depending on what they thought had been the outcome of the ethical decision concerned. 相似文献
130.
James P. Rothberg Frank E. Nothaft Stuart A. Gabriel 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》1989,2(4):301-315
Yield spreads between mortgage pass-through and U.S. Treasury securities may reflect differences in taxation, phenomena affecting relative supply and demand, and compensation for default, call, and marketability risks on mortgage instruments. Our research empirically models differences in yields between pass-throughs and comparable-maturity Treasuries. We find that interest-rate volatility and the term structure of rates, factors often cited in the mortgage pricing literature as affecting the mortgage call premium, are the primary determinants of movements in these spreads. Moreover, these effects have grown in importance in recent years as exercise of the prepayment option has increased. We also find evidence that liquidity and credit concerns affect the pricing of pass-through securities. 相似文献