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991.
Conditional Cash Transfers, Schooling, and Child Labor: Micro-Simulating Brazil's Bolsa Escola Program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bourguignon Francois; Ferreira Francisco H. G.; Leite Phillippe G. 《World Bank Economic Review》2003,17(2):229-254
A growing number of developing economies are providing cashtransfers to poor people that require certain behaviors on theirpart, such as attending school or regularly visiting healthcare facilities. A simple ex ante methodology is proposed forevaluating such programs and used to assess the Bolsa Escolaprogram in Brazil. The results suggest that about 60 percentof poor 10- to 15-year-olds not in school enroll in responseto the program. The program reduces the incidence of povertyby only a little more than one percentage point, however, andthe Gini coefficient falls just half a point. Results are betterfor measures more sensitive to the bottom of the distribution,but the effect is never large. 相似文献
992.
Original Papers
Editorial 相似文献993.
994.
A Bayesian-like estimator of the process capability index Cpmk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pearn et al. (1992) proposed the capability index Cpmk, and investigated the statistical properties of its natural estimator for stable normal processes with constant mean μ. Chen and Hsu (1995) showed that under general conditions the asymptotic
distribution of is normal if μ≠m, and is a linear combination of the normal and the folded-normal distributions if μ=m, where m is the mid-point
between the upper and the lower specification limits. In this paper, we consider a new estimator for stable processes under a different (more realistic) condition on process mean, namely, P (μ≥m)=p, 0≤p≤1. We obtain the
exact distribution, the expected value, and the variance of under normality assumption. We show that for P (μ≥m)=0, or 1, the new estimator is the MLE of Cpmk, which is asymptotically efficient. In addition, we show that under general conditions is consistent and is asymptotically unbiased. We also show that the asymptotic distribution of is a mixture of two normal distributions.
RID="*"
ID="*" The research was partially supported by National Science Council of the Republic of China (NSC-89-2213-E-346-003). 相似文献
995.
996.
A baseline model of industry evolution 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
Sidney?G.?WinterEmail author Yuri?M.?Kaniovski Giovanni?Dosi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2003,13(4):355-383
The paper analyses some general dynamic properties of industries characterized by heterogeneous firms and continuing stochastic entry.After a brief critical assessment of some significant drawbacks of recent contributions to modeling of stochastic industrial dynamics, we propose a novel analytical apparatus able to derive some generic properties of the underlying competition process combining persistent technological heterogeneity, differential growth of individual firms and turnover. The basic model, we suggest, is indeed applicable with proper modifications to a large class of evolutionary processes, well beyond industrial dynamics.JEL Classification:
L11, O30, C60Support to this research by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria; the Fujitsu Research Institute for Advanced Information (FRI), Japan; the Italian National Research Council (CNR), the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR, prot. 2002132413 003) and the Free University of Bozen
Bolzano, Italy, is gratefully acknowledged. Comments by Andrea Bassanini, Francesca Chiaromonte, Steven Klepper, Uwe Cantner, Drew Fudenberg and the anonymous referees helped in shaping the paper to its present form. Mariele Berté provided the computer simulations of the model. The usual caveats apply.Correspondence to: G. Dosi 相似文献
997.
998.
Andries F. Hof Michel G. J. den Elzen Detlef P. van Vuuren 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,24(4):412-412
Authors Index
Author Index Volume 24 2003 相似文献999.
Kilgour JG 《Employee benefits journal》2001,26(1):14-19
This article examines the three main types of supplementary pension arrangements. It focuses on their origins and development, employer eligibility, deferral and contribution limits, funding arrangements and other technical requirements as they have been affected by recent developments. 相似文献
1000.
Guilmette D Singer K Lundberg GD Callahan D Sefcik AE 《Medical economics》2001,78(13):89-90, 94-6, 99