Risk aversion and framing effects

We present a new experimental evidence of how framing affects decisions in the context of a lottery choice experiment for measuring risk aversion. We investigate framing effects by replicating the Holt and Laury’s (Am. Econ. Rev. 92:1644–1655, 2002) procedure for measuring risk aversion under various frames. We first examine treatments where participants are confronted with the 10 decisions to be made either simultaneously or sequentially. The second treatment variable is the order of appearance of the ten lottery pairs. Probabilities of winning are ranked either in increasing, decreasing, or in random order. Lastly, payoffs were increased by a factor of ten in additional treatments. The rate of inconsistencies was significantly higher in sequential than in simultaneous treatment, in increasing and random than in decreasing treatment. Both experience and salient incentives induce a dramatic decrease in inconsistent behaviors. On the other hand, risk aversion was significantly higher in sequential than in simultaneous treatment, in decreasing and random than in increasing treatment, in high than in low payoff condition. These findings suggest that subjects use available information which has no value for normative theories, like throwing a glance at the whole connected set of pairwise choices before making each decision in a connected set of lottery pairs.     

Stillen darf nicht weh tun!

Die meisten frisch gebackenen Mütter wollen stillen. Schlie?lich ist Muttermilch die beste Nahrung für das Baby. Leider trüben Schmerzen die Stillbeziehung nicht selten so sehr, dass Mütter vorzeitig frustriert abstillen. Das muss nicht sein, wenn die Pflegepraxis auch das Schmerzmanagement als selbstverst?ndlichen Teil der W?chnerinnenbetreuung betrachtet.     

Gut beraten

Beratungsaufgaben nehmen heute im T?tigkeitsfeld von Pflegefachkr?ften einen immer breiteren Raum ein. Doch was umfasst pflegerische Beratung und wie lassen sich Beratungskompetenzen erlernen?     

Informieren – Anleiten – Dokumentieren

Die M?glichkeiten, eine Patientenschulung zu strukturieren sind vielf?ltig. Ob Methodenmix oder eine bestimmte Methode – Sie haben die Qual der Wahl. Das Ziel, die Erlangung von Kompetenzen zum eigenst?ndigen Umgang mit gesundheits spezifischen Problemen, sollte jedoch nicht aus den Augen verloren werden.     

Wie viel IT braucht die Pflege?

Die Einführung von IT-Systemen in Gesundheitseinrichtungen ist vor allem getriggert durch betriebswirtschaftliche, den Erl?s sichernde Faktoren. Eine echte Unterstützung der pflegerischen Leistungsprozesse steckt allerdings bei vielen IT-L?sungen noch in den Kinderschuhen.     

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour for the Environment: Measurement and Validation

While the importance of employee initiatives for improving the environmental practices and performance of organizations has been clearly established in the literature, the precise nature of these initiatives has rarely been examined (particularly the issue of their discretionary or mandatory nature). The role of organizational citizenship behaviour in environmental management remains largely unexplored. The main objectives of this paper were to propose and validate an instrument for measuring organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment (OCBE). Exploratory (Study 1, N?=?228) and confirmatory (Study 2, N?=?651) analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of OCBEs. The factor structure that emerged from Study 1 indicated that the three main types of OCBEs were eco-initiatives, eco-civic engagement and eco-helping. The factor structure found in Study 1 was confirmed by Study 2. Analysis of the three types of OCBEs highlighted the complexity of discretionary initiatives for the environment in the workplace and points to a number of avenues for further research.     

中国城镇不同所有制企业职工收入差距的变化趋势

本文利用最新发布的CHIP-2007和CHIP-2002分析了2002年到2007年中国城镇不同所有制企业职工收入差距的变化趋势。我们发现这段时期不同所有制企业的收入差距正在减小,且这种收敛的趋势更有利于非国有企业职工,这与1995年到2002年的变化趋势形成鲜明对比。当我们分解收入差距时,发现个体的特征或能力的差别对于解释收入差距的重要性在显著提高。此外,市场分割对于不同所有制的企业仍然存在,特别对于高收入群体,但有逐步缩小的趋势。     

Corporate Social Responsibility as a Vehicle to Reveal the Corporate Identity: A Study Focused on the Websites of Spanish Financial Entities

This study explores the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an element of the corporate identity of Spanish financial institutions. Specifically, it aims to analyze the CSR actions developed by financial entities through the analysis of all the available information disclosed in their websites. A content analysis applied to 82 banking institutions, followed by different quantitative analyses, reveals the multidimensionality of CSR. Findings show that, while the number of entities institutionalizing CSR values as core elements of their identities is still reduced, most organizations disclose CSR information to construct communicated identities and legitimate behaviours. Besides, these dimensions are classified depending on the stakeholder the action is aimed to, and that entities favour the generation of distinctive identities through the implementation and communication of more visible CSR actions like those involving their customers or the community. In any case, results indicate that organizations with certain characteristics are more likely to construct distinctive identities through CSR activities and to establish ethical and social values within their corporate statements and cultures.     

When hedonic products help regulate my mood

This paper analyzes how affect mechanisms work when consumers form their attitude toward and intention to purchase a hedonic product. The first of two studies shows that when products have the potential to improve moods, affect regulation dominates affective evaluation in forming purchase intentions. In other words, the need to repair one??s mood overrides mood-congruent reviews. However, the affect regulation mechanism is not very stable, and study two shows that introducing a competing source of information, such as product reviews, overwhelms the effect. Results show that when consumers are in a bad mood, product reviews significantly influence their attitude and purchase intention regarding a hedonic product. However, this effect is not significant for consumers in a positive mood because they generate both arguments and counterarguments that compensate for the information received from a third party.