“现在大家都是民主派了……”

民主,欢迎归来!——2008年11月6日《海狸》(伦敦政治经济学院校报)关于奥巴马当选的头条标题作为空洞能指的民主时至今日,民主在全球范围内拥有了空前的声望;然而,同样史无前例的是,民主也变得概念随意、内涵空洞。或许,民主现在的人气,恰恰依赖于其意义与实践的开放性、甚至空虚性(如同巴拉克·奥巴马)。这是一个空洞的能指,任何人都可以向它投射自己的梦想与愿望。作为现     

Reward strategy: Time for a more realistic reconceptualization and reinterpretation?

This article focuses on organizations' continued struggles to design and implement successful and credible reward strategies. We argue that a major and neglected factor that accounts for this is how reward strategies are designed and executed with insufficient attention given to employee preferences for different types of reward. We argue that this is both a problem of process in the way reward systems are designed and a problem of how models of reward strategy are built. Developing more effective reward strategies requires a better understanding of holistic rewards and greater attention to line management roles in their implementation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Impact of Macroeconomic Fluctuations on the Likelihood of African American Female Homeownership

Homeownership, a primary component of household wealth, confers benefits not just in terms of the value of home equity itself, but also the tax benefits and inflation protection associated with owning property. The 1990s represented a booming time in the economy and record low interest rates which allowed homeownership to become more available to more people than ever. As a result, the US housing market experienced significant growth and home values began to soar in part due to rising incomes. However, this period of rapid expansion in the housing market was followed by a rapid decline, precipitated by the recession, as home values began to plummet and foreclosures steadily increased. This study examines the impact that recent macroeconomic fluctuations had on the likelihood of homeownership for African American women compared to their white counterparts. Using data from the American Housing Survey (1997–2009), this tenure spatial analysis used a logistic regression model to examine the odds in favor of homeownership during economic fluctuations along with taking into consideration other important determinants. The empirical results show that there are significant differences in the likelihood of homeownership between African American women and white females.     

Seizing the upside of a downturn

Is it possible for an economic downturn to be a time of managerial inspiration? We found 50 ways to answer that question with a "Yes!"     

Opportunities for artificial intelligence development in the accounting domain: the case for auditing

This paper reviews the nature of accounting and auditing problems and the need for application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to the discipline. The discussion includes current accounting issues for which new AI development should be fruitful, particularly auditing and assurance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Customer evaluation of retail salespeople utilizing the SOCO scale: A replication,extension, and application

Measuring retail salesperson performance is a critical, though relatively neglected research issue. We suggest that the SOCO scale may be an appropriate tool for measuring salesperson performance from the buyer’s perspective. Therefore, a replication of the SOCO scale was undertaken by having consumers evaluate retail salespeople. The SOCO scale items were slightly modified to fit the consumer sample and retail focus of the study. In addition, the number of points on the SOCO response scale was also reduced and the verbal anchors modified to better suit the needs of telephone surveys. Despite these changes, the properties of the scale were found to be strikingly similar to those reported in prior studies. It was recommended that retailers adopt the SOCO scale to measure salesperson performance.     

The Impact of the Proposed June 1987 Income Tax System on Saskatchewan Grain and Hog Operations

The changes to the federal income tax system proposed in June 1987 are analyzed for their impact on farm size and competitiveness of Saskatchewan grain and hog operations. Farm growth, income and income taxes paid are simulated over a 20-year period. The June 1987 proposed tax system is projected to be progressive in taxing grain operations when there is no land inflation and excess depreciation is recaptured, but is nearly neutral or slightly regressive when the Saskatchewan livestock tax credits are taken into account. Assuming no land inflation and recapture of excess depreciation, small grain operations pay less income tax than small livestock operations, medium-sized grain operations pay slightly more but large grain operations pay considerably more taxes than the corresponding hog operations. The elimination of the capital cost allowance recapture tends to increase the competitive advantage of the hog operation over the grain operation, but a modest 4% annual increase in land values coupled with capital gains exemptions increase dramatically the overall competitive advantage of the grain operation over the hog operation. Les modifications apportées au régime d'impôt sur le revenu proposé en juin 1987 sont analysées pour leurs répercussions sur la taille des exploitations et la compétitivité des céréaliculteurs et des éleveurs de pores de la Saskatchewan. On a simulé la croissance des exploitations, le revenu et les impôts sur le revenu payés au cours d'une période de 20 ans. Le régime fiscal proposé de juin 1987 se veut progressif dans l'imposition des fermes céréalières lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'inflation du prix des terres et que l'amortissement excédentaire est récupéré, mais est pratiquement sans incidence sur les fermes ou légerement régressif à cause des crédits d'impôt consentis sur le bétail de la province. En sup-posant l'absence d'inflation du prix des terres et la récupération de l'amortissement excédentaire, les petits producteurs de céréales paient moins d'impôt sur le revenu que les petits éleveurs de bétail, les producteurs moyens en patient légèrement plus, mais les gros producteurs paient beaucoup plus d'impôt que les éleveurs correspondants de pores. L'élimina-tion de la déduction pour amortissement a tendance à accroître l'avantage concurrentiel des éleveurs par rapport aux producteurs, mais un modeste 4% d'augmentation annuelle de la valeur des terres, conjugué à des exonérations pour gains en capital, augmente de facon dramatique l'avantage concurrentiel global dont jouit le producteur par rapport à l'éleveur de pores.