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Harald Badinger 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2007,69(4):497-519
We use a panel approach, covering 10 EU Member States over the period 1981–99, for each of three major industry groups (manufacturing, construction and services) and 18 more detailed industries to test whether the EU's Single Market Programme has led to a reduction in firms’ mark‐ups over marginal costs. We address explicitly the uncertainty with respect to the timing of the changeover and allow for a possibly continuous regime shift in a smooth transition analysis. Where regime shifts can be found, the velocity of transition is extremely high, making the linear model a justifiable approximation. We also test for discrete structural breaks in the time window from 1986 to 1996, taking up endogeneity concerns in a generalized method of moments framework. Mark‐up reductions are found for aggregate manufacturing (although it is also suggested that mark‐ups increased in some manufacturing industries in the precompletion period at the end of the 1980s) and also for construction. In contrast, mark‐ups have gone up in most service industries since the early 1990s, which confirms the weak state of the Single Market for services and suggests that anti‐competitive defence strategies have emerged in EU service industries. 相似文献
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引言本文研究企业如何把工资和附加福利作为工具来使用以获得他们需要的劳动力供给。我们的分析也提供了在享乐工资体系下存在摩擦的证据。据我们所知,我们的研究是首次使用雇主-雇员联接数据来检验工人流动如何对一般的附加福利范围(包括了若干种的附加福 相似文献
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Lutz Hoffmann V. S. Vartikar Harald Scherf Torsten Tewes Klaus-Dieter Schmidt Emil-Maria Claassen 《Review of World Economics》1972,108(2):A51-A65
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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For rural households in the north of Vietnam, maize cropping is the main source of income. In the face of the world market price increases of the recent past, we analyze the regional marketing chain of this commodity qualitatively and econometrically investigating to what extent smallholder farmers in developing countries are affected by international price movements. Vietnamese maize markets are found to be well integrated. Recent price hikes have fully transmitted along the regional supply chain so that farmers profited. Nevertheless, adverse factors such as increasing input prices have neutralized these benefits resulting in a decline in real income of smallholders. 相似文献
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Harald Victor Proff 《Intereconomics》1993,28(6):279-284
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that is to take effect at the beginning of 1994 will create a free trade area between three economies which differ substantially in terms of size and stage of development. What were the reasons that led the unequal partners, the USA, Canada and Mexico, to enter into closer trade integration? What will be the economic consequences for the countries involved and for world trade? 相似文献