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351.
We survey CFOs from 36 countries to examine whether and how firms altered their risk management policies when fair value reporting standards for derivatives were introduced. A substantial fraction of firms (42%) state that their risk management policies have been materially affected by fair value reporting. Firms are more likely to be affected if they seek to use risk management to reduce the volatility of earnings relative to cash flows and if they operate in countries where accounting numbers are more likely to be used in contracting. We document a substantial decrease in foreign exchange hedging and in the use of nonlinear hedging instruments. Finally, firms that take active positions are more likely to be affected by fair value reporting. Taken together, our evidence indicates that requirements to report derivatives at fair values have had a material impact on derivative use; while speculative activities have been reduced, sound hedging strategies have been compromised as well.  相似文献   
352.
Several empirical studies have documented that the signs of excess stock returns are, to some extent, predictable. In this paper, we consider the predictive ability of the binary dependent dynamic probit model in predicting the direction of monthly excess stock returns. The recession forecast obtained from the model for a binary recession indicator appears to be the most useful predictive variable, and once it is employed, the sign of the excess return is predictable in-sample. The new dynamic “error correction” probit model proposed in the paper yields better out-of-sample sign forecasts, with the resulting average trading returns being higher than those of either the buy-and-hold strategy or trading rules based on ARMAX models.  相似文献   
353.

Zeitgespr?ch

Mittelschicht zwischen Abstiegs?ngsten und hoher Belastung  相似文献   
354.
This paper will present a multi-region/multi-country model in which inter-regional knowledge spillovers determine the growth of regions. Key parameters in the model are the learning capability of a region and the rate of knowledge generation (R&D). The intensity of spillovers depends on geographical distance between regions. The model is investigated by means of simulation techniques. What results is a core-periphery situation, the exact form of which depends on the assumed spatial structure. The impact of economic integration is investigated by introducing barriers-to-knowledge-spillovers in the model in the form of borders between countries. Contrary to the popular belief and some economic theories, we find that removing such spillover barriers may result in larger disparity of income levels between regions.  相似文献   
355.
This paper studies the optimal price structure in the postal sector when worksharing is available (e.g., for collection, sorting and transportation) and when the operator faces a break-even constraint. Users differ in opportunity and cost to engage in worksharing. We determine the optimal worksharing discount and provide sufficient conditions (on demand functions) under which it exceeds the ECPR level. Furthermore, we show that the optimal prices can be implemented through a global price cap imposed on a weighted average of the prices of all products. The appropriate weights are proportional to the market demand (evaluated at optimal prices) of the corresponding products.  相似文献   
356.
We evaluate the determinants of aggregate matching efficiencychanges through a stochastic translog production frontiermodel. The efficiency coefficient is represented by a stochasticfunction of variables meant to capture workers and firmscharacteristics. The model is estimated on French data coveringtwenty-two regions from March 1990 till February 1995. Ourestimates suggest that aggregate matching efficiency has decreasedsteadily in the early nineties. There are also wide cross-regionaldifferences. On average, about 30% of the variations ofefficiency observed across time and regions can be related tochanges in the explanatory variables used in the model. The mostimportant explanatory variables are the proportion of youngsters,females and immigrants in the stock of job seekers. Long-termunemployment has a significant negative effect, population densitya significant positive one. The huge decline in the proportion ofpermanent job offers has apparently little effect on matchingefficiency.  相似文献   
357.
This paper develops a structural model to simultaneously analyze firms’ partner selection activities and governance design for managing interfirm relationships. The model predicts these choices to be influenced by appropriation concerns, coordination requirements, dependence and prior experiences with the exchange partner. An analysis of 817 information technology transactions shows that appropriation concerns, coordination requirements and dependence influence governance design, while buyers’ partner selection effort relates mainly to appropriation concerns. Partner experience developed during prior ties with the exchange partner is found to moderate the effects of these control problems. In addition, partner selection and formal governance are found to be used as complements instead of substitutes in coping with interfirm control problems.  相似文献   
358.
The literature suggests that cotton textiles should be unattractivefor foreign direct investment (FDI). The product is largelyundifferentiated; sellers need an intimate knowledge of localmarkets; and textiles use process technology, which multinationalfirms cannot monopolize. Indeed, since the 1970s, cotton textileshas been one of the few industries in Brazil in which localcapital dominates, joint ventures prevail, and American firmsare almost completely absent. Yet, between 1955 and the mid-1970s,Brazil saw significant foreign direct investment in textilesfrom Japanese firms. There were two successive waves of Japaneseinvestment in the Brazilian cotton textile industry. The firstran from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. The second took placefrom the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. Four Japanese textilefirms participated in the first wave—Kanebo, Toyobo, Tsuzuki,and Unitika. Four more—Daiwa, Kurabo, Nisshinbo, and Omi—participatedin the second wave.  相似文献   
359.
Over the past decades, literature has been focusing increasingly on performance management. A great deal of studies have pointed out that performance management has evolved from mere financial measurements to a multitude of indicators, and that the subject being measured can range from micro-level (an organisation), meso-level (industry) to macro-level (regional or national) performance. The authors will research which academic literature has focused on the performance measurement and management of the meso-level and how that is translated in practice, with special attention for the port industry. In practice, the authors observe that mostly so-called ‘observatories’ are responsible for monitoring the performance of infrastructure industries. Within this context the authors will examine the cooperative efforts of the past 20 years between universities and the European port industry. Based on this analysis, research and policy recommendations will be made on industry performance management, with specific consideration for port industry performance management.  相似文献   
360.
Abstract

Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1727–1781) is one of the few French economic theorists who led a political career and held ministerial office. He continues to intrigue both historians and historians of economic thought where his relationship with the physiocrats is concerned. Does Turgot fully share their belief system, or does he only borrow a few elements from it? Is he a critical author of this school of thought? To date, no agreement has been reached on this subject. This paper attempts to answer some of these questions in an objective manner, drawing on the evidence provided by texts and therefore minimising the interpretations. The sources we will primarily refer to are the Éphémérides du citoyen and Turgot's correspondence with Dupont. We will revisit the economic themes of large- and small-scale farming, as well as savings, and discuss Turgot's views on slavery and the “sectarian spirit” of the physiocrats.  相似文献   
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