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951.
This study examines the effect of road and railway noise on property prices. It uses the hedonic regression technique on a
Swedish data set that contains information about both road and railway noise for each property, and finds that road noise
has a larger negative impact on the property prices than railway noise. This is in line with the evidence from the acoustical
literature which has shown that individuals are more disturbed by road than railway noise, but contradicts recent results
from a hedonic study on data of the United Kingdom. 相似文献
952.
This paper examines data from the Norwegian television game show Joker, where contestants make well-specified choices under risk. The game involves very large stakes, randomly drawn contestants,
and ample opportunities for learning. Central models of risk choice, including expected utility theory, give a simple prediction
of choice under weak conditions, as one decision is always first-order stochastically dominating. We document frequent, systematic
and costly violations of dominance. Many contestants appear to have a systematic expectation bias that can be related to Tversky
and Kahneman’s (Cogn. Psychol. 5(2):207–232, 1973) “availability heuristic”. In addition, contestants seem to make systematic calculation errors that are well captured by
the so-called Fechner model. 相似文献
953.
954.
Ringa Raudla 《Constitutional Political Economy》2010,21(3):249-269
This article is concerned with the effects of the kinds of framers involved in constitution-making on the content of constitutional provisions proposed during the drafting process. It tests the hypotheses that predict framers’ constitutional preferences on the basis of their institutional position, partisan background and constitutional expertise with two specific cases: the Constitutional Assembly of Estonia (1991–1992) and the Federal Convention (1787) of the United States. The case studies show that most of the hypotheses find only partial confirmation in both instances of constitution-making. The institutional position of a framer (being a member of existing legislature or executive) and constitutional expertise does not necessarily influence his or her constitutional preferences in the predicted way. The only theoretical proposition that is corroborated in both cases concerns the importance of group interest in a constitutional choice of electoral system and modes of representation: in the Estonian case, the design of the constitutional electoral rules was strongly influenced by partisan interest; in the US case, the interests of territorial subunits played a major role. 相似文献
955.
Experimental and empirical evidence highlights the role of networks on social outcomes. This paper tests the properties of
exogenously fixed networks in team production. Subjects make the same decisions in a team work environment under four different
organizational networks: the line, the circle, the star, and the complete network. In all the networks, links make information
available to neighbors. This design allows us to analyze decisions across networks and a variety of subject types in a standard
linear team production game. Contribution levels differ significantly across networks and the star is the most efficient incomplete
network. Moreover, our results suggest that subjects act as conditional cooperators with respect to the information received
from the network. 相似文献
956.
Clemens Heuson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,47(3):349-369
Studies dealing with the optimal choice of pollution control instruments under uncertainty have invariably taken it for granted that regulated firms face perfectly competitive markets. By introducing the product market into the stochastic framework of Weitzman (Rev Econ Stud 41:477–491, 1974), this paper shows for the case of a polluting symmetric Cournot oligopoly that Weitzman’s policy rule for choosing emission standards versus taxes with uncertain abatement costs is biased in the presence of market power. Since the oligopolists take into account their influence on the market price, their total abatement effort, including the restriction of output, is less vulnerable to miscalculations of the tax rate compared to price-taking firms. Consequently, the comparative advantage of instruments is shifted in favour of taxes. In a further step, the provided policy recommendations are generalised by abolishing the assumption that firms are symmetric. 相似文献
957.
Regulatory regimes often attempt to introduce quasi-competitive pressures by undertaking comparative efficiency assessments
between the regulated companies and setting company-specific cost reduction targets based on those comparisons. The UK water
industry is one example of such a regime—indeed, it has emphasized the importance of maintaining the number of independent
companies in order to preserve the robustness of the modeling. For example, in 2007, the Competition Commission considered
whether the merger between Mid Kent Water and South East Water might prejudice the ability of the regulator (Ofwat) to make
comparisons across water companies for the purposes of assessing performance and setting price controls. In this paper, we
examine this issue and provide specific recommendations to regulators. Our cross-sectional results show that the impact of
this merger is not significant. We demonstrate that joint estimation of all the sub-models using the ‘seemingly unrelated
regression’ (SUR) procedure in a cross-section and/or panel data framework can dramatically improve the accuracy of the modeling.
Moreover, the merger does not affect the confidence intervals significantly under such approaches, which still remain far
superior to those under Ofwat’s cross-sectional approach. Based on these results, we recommend that Ofwat and other regulators
adopt SUR and/or panel data analysis and thereby reduce their reliance on having sufficient numbers of independent companies. 相似文献
958.
Charles M. North 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2010,23(3):307-313
Peter Leeson’s The Invisible Hook provides a readable and entertaining narrative of the hidden economics of the Golden Age of Piracy. This essay comments on one particular aspect of Leeson’s work: what we can learn from pirates about the emergence and evolution of property rights? I conclude that pirate codes had their origins in part in legally enforceable agreements and that pirates’ blend of individual and communal property rights bore some resemblance to the property rights of wandering tribal peoples. 相似文献
959.
Roy Brouwer Thijs Dekker John Rolfe Jill Windle 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,46(1):93-109
The main objective of this study is to examine how repeated choice affects preference learning in stated preference experiments. We test different hypotheses related to preference learning by analyzing response patterns and asking respondents in a choice experiment to report their experienced certainty when going through the choice tasks. In a split-sample test, we show that follow-up choice certainty questions are procedural invariant. The self-reported certainty results indicate that learning occurs, but econometric testing procedures do not identify any significant impact of learning effects on parameter estimates or variance across choice tasks. Additional tests of choice consistency suggest that preferences in the choice experiment are stable and coherent. 相似文献
960.
The Economic Impact of SFAS NO. 157 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sak Bhamornsiri Robert E. Guinn Richard G. Schroeder 《International Advances in Economic Research》2010,16(1):65-79
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” (SFAS 157) defines fair value, establishes
a three tiered framework for measuring fair value and expands the required disclosures about fair value measurements. The
objective of this study is to examine and evaluate the benefits of the information disclosed by SFAS 157. The results of our
study indicated that a large majority of the inputs are observable in that 93.5% of the sample financial assets and 93.1%
of the sample financial liabilities were measured by level 1 or 2 criteria. However, we found a mismatch between assets and
liabilities subject to the three tiers of fair value measurements. The companies in our sample disclosed $18.8 trillion in
total assets, with 51%, or $18.8 trillion in
total assets, with 51%, or 9.5 trillion reported at fair value. Whereas, sample company liabilities totaled 16.1 trillion with only16.1 trillion
with only 3.7 trillion or 23% reported at fair value. 相似文献