雀巢不想把巢做大?

<正> 不流血的胜利 “如今不管你走到哪里,管理理论家和实践家都会告诉你,变革是有利的,并且是必须的。然而对于雀巢这个世界级的长寿企业而言,情况并非如此。相反,如果你能够慢速地发展,但确定持久地发展,那么就不需要流血的变革而赢得最后的胜利。” 不久之前,一位华尔街的记者问起雀巢的执行总裁彼得·布雷贝克(PeterBrabeck),坐在全球最大的食品公司老总的位置上,他对企业发展有什么看法。布     

Unfinished Business: The Persistence of Child Labor in the US

Among historians it has become customary to acknowledge that children have always worked. That is, before industrialization children worked, but their work was not deemed a social problem. With industrialization, however, child labor came to be condemned as morally repugnant, economically foolhardy, and socially destructive. Reform efforts were mobilized and, after protracted struggle, children were effectively dispelled from the mines, mills, and factories. Problem solved-or at least we wished to think so. Unfortunately, the US accommodation with child labor was incomplete, and so, child labor persists in pockets of American society. In recent years there has been a growing recognition that many children work, and do so at very young ages. Not only have children always worked, but they continue to do so today.This essay assesses residual child labor problems in the US today. It asks why, when the US made its accommodation to child labor in mines, mills, and factories, we failed to adequately address child labor in other sectors, thus paving the way for continued problems in agriculture, street trades, sweatshops, and elsewhere in our economy.     

Ethical Decision Making and the Employed Lawyer

This article addresses one of the more disturbing questions raised by the major financial failures of the recent past; namely, how it could be that professionals, highly trained both in ethics and technical disciplines, should apparently collude with management in corporate misbehaviour. The article builds on evidence suggesting that professionals in employment contexts find ways of adapting in order to minimise perceived or actual conflict between their professional and organizational obligations and that this, in turn, may affect the way in which they exercise professional judgment. It uses identity theory to propose that professionals may adopt modified identities when employed and that these identities may be expressed, in part, in the way in which they resolve ethical dilemmas. The article reports on the results of a qualitative study in which corporate counsel showed evidence of adopting these identities. The findings suggest that this line of research offers insight into a far more complex world of employed professionals than that traditionally hypothesised and that the popular approach of regulators and others to monitoring corporate governance by appointing professionals as gate-keepers within the organization is perhaps problematic.     

The Non-Robustness of the Nash-Stackelberg-Hybrid Equilibrium

In a simple, standard sequential search model, the Nash-Stackelberg-Hybrid equilibrium is shown, in general, to be non-robust when the assumption that all firms are constrained to operate one outlet is dropped. Unless the firms are constrained from increasing the number of outlets or the price, they will open additional outlets to increase their market power. In a standard duopoly model an equilibrium featuring both firms operating multiple outlets is shown to exist.     

Object Lesson in Domestic Transparency

Alf Rattigan, Industry Assistance: the Inside Story (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1986) 289 pp., A$28.50.     

Robotics: Challenges for the human resources manager

Robots present industry with the exciting possibility of improving productivity and cutting costs. But there are other kinds of costs involved—the human costs—and it is these that the human resources manager must keep to a minimum through careful planning and implementation of the new technology.