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41.
This article investigates the role of taxation when public goods are privately provided. Externalities between consumers via the public good are shown to cause kinks in social indifference curves. As a result, a government restricted to income taxation should engineer enough inequality to ensure there are some non-contributors to the public good. Whether commodity taxation changes this conclusion depends on the extent to which consumers "see through" the government budget constraint. If they can, inequality should still be sought. When they cannot, in contrast to the case of an economy with only private goods, commodity taxation can be used in conjunction with income transfers to achieve the first-best. 相似文献
42.
Technology-forcing through environmental regulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andries Nentjes Frans P. de Vries Doede Wiersma 《European Journal of Political Economy》2007,23(4):903-916
This paper analyzes the demand characteristics of innovation in pollution abatement and the interaction between a regulator and a polluter under a technology-forcing policy. Important demand-driven determinants of innovation in pollution control are examined, such as uncertainties surrounding unexplored technologies, the length of the compliance period and the maximum abatement costs the regulator is willing to accept. We derive the formal condition that the regulator balances the marginal utility of emissions reduction against the marginal disutilities of a longer compliance time and the increased uncertainty about the feasibility of a more stringent standard. 相似文献
43.
In this paper I analyze the impact of regulatory policy on prices and demand for mobile telecommunications services across the European Union. I estimate a reduced form model of the mobile industry using panel data for the EU countries from 1998 to 2002. Among others, I find the following effects: liberalization of fixed telephone lines has a negative impact on prices and a positive impact on the demand for mobile services, and the introduction of mobile number portability has a negative impact on prices.*I am grateful to Toker Doganoglu, Gerd Hansen, Eric Kodjo Ralph, Guido Friebel, participants at the 30th EARIE Conference 2003, the 2nd International Industrial Organization Conference 2004 and the 19th Annual Congress of the EEA 2004, and anonymous referees for valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge the generous financial support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and the Munich Graduate School of Economics which made this research possible. All errors are mine.1 Source: European Commission (1994). 相似文献
44.
45.
Geoffroy de Clippel 《Journal of Economic Theory》2007,135(1):144-158
The type-agent core is a new solution concept for exchange economies with asymmetric information. It coincides with the set of subgame-perfect equilibrium outcomes of a simple competitive screening game. Uninformed intermediaries help the agents to cooperate in an attempt to make some profit. The paper extends the work of Perez-Castrillo [Cooperative outcomes through non-cooperative games, Games Econ. Behav. 7 (1994) 428-440] to exchange economies with non-transferable utility and asymmetric information. The type-agent core is a subset of Wilson's coarse core [Wilson, Information, efficiency, and the core of an economy, Econometrica 46 (1978) 807-816]. It is never empty, even though it may be a strict subset of Wilson's fine core. In addition, it converges towards the set of constrained market equilibria as the economy is replicated. 相似文献
46.
This paper analyzes the effects of trade liberalization of tariff‐rate quotas under import “state trading enterprises” (STEs) in agriculture. An analytical framework is provided to determine the importance of which instrument is binding under competition (the in‐quota or out‐of‐quota tariff or the quota) and under the initial STE equilibrium. It also depends on whether or not the STE controls both the domestic market prices and owns/controls the import quota (and whether it is obligated to fill the quota or not). An empirical example of the rice STE in South Korea has simulations showing that an increase in imports can be achieved through a moderate expansion of the quota or a decrease in the out‐of‐quota tariff to the level where it becomes binding. However, a significant level of quota expansion induces the STE to switch to the autarky solution and social welfare declines. 相似文献
47.
The methodology in this paper combines an input–output structural decomposition approach with the supply-side perspective of mainstream growth accounting. In explaining the intertemporal change in consumption per worker, three sets of effects are distinguished. First, contributions due to several types of technological changes are considered. Second, effects caused by changes in international trade are discerned. Third, composition effects that reflect structural shifts in demand (including changes in tastes) are quantified. As an empirical illustration, we analyze the developments in the U.K. between 1979 and 1990. 相似文献
48.
Marie E. Walsh Daniel G. de la Torre Ugarte Hosein Shapouri Stephen P. Slinsky 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,24(4):313-333
The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energyjointly analyzed the economic potential for,and impacts of, large-scale bioenergy
cropproduction in the United States. Anagricultural sector model (POLYSYS) wasmodified to include three potential bioenergycrops
(switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow). At farmgate prices of US $2.44/GJ, anestimated 17 million hectares of bioenergycrops,
annually yielding 171 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural
usesfor the land. The estimate assumes highproductivity management practices are permittedon Conservation Reserve Program
lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated toincrease 9 to 14 percent above baseline pricesand farm income increases annually
by US $6.0billion above baseline.At farmgate prices of US $1.83/GJ, anestimated 7.9 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually
yielding 55 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor
the land. The estimate assumes managementpractices intended to achieve highenvironmental benefits on Conservation ReserveProgram
lands. Traditional crops prices areestimated to increase 4 to 9 percent abovebaseline prices and farm income increasesannually
by US $2.8 billion above baseline. 相似文献
49.
Fiscal sociology deals with the ramifications of the fiscal activities of the state into areas which are not their primary target. These effects may occur in sectors not directly affected such as related markets, but they may also occur outside the economic sphere proper, such as in politics, culture, religion, or society at large. Schumpeter contributed to the research project of fiscal sociology throughout his life. In this first approximation, his contribution is discussed in terms of his appreciation of three important scholars who all made landmark contributions to fiscal sociology: Franz Oppenheimer, Werner Sombart, and Gustav (von) Schmoller.JEL Classification:
B15, H39 相似文献
50.
Policies such as the SEC’s Fair Disclosure Rule, and technologies such as SEC EDGAR, aim to disseminate corporate disclosures
to a wider audience of investors in risky assets. In this study, we adopt an experimental approach to measure whether this
wider disclosure is beneficial to these investors. Price-clearing equilibrium models based on utility maximization and non-revealing
and fully-revealing prices predict that in a pure exchange economy, an arbitrary trader would prefer that no investors are
informed rather than all are informed; non-revealing theory further predicts that an arbitrary trader would prefer a situation
in which all traders are informed rather than half the traders are informed. These predictions can be summarized as “None
> All > Half”. A laboratory study was conducted to test these predictions. Where previous studies have largely focused on
information dissemination and its effects on equilibrium price and insider profits, we focus instead on traders’ expected
utility, as measured by their preferences for markets in which none, half, or all traders are informed. Our experimental result
contradicts the prediction and indicates “Half > None > All”, i.e. subjects favor a situation where a random half is informed.
The implication is that in addition to testing predictions of price equilibrium, experiments should also be used to verify
analytical welfare predictions of expected utility under different policy choices.
JEL Classification D82, D53, G14, L86
This work was largely completed while this author was at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. 相似文献