Small and Medium Enterprise Financing in Transition Economies

This paper studies the financing status of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in transition economies. Factors causing financing obstacles are indentified and further analyzed to determine their influence over financing patterns. Bank regulatory practices relevant to SMEs’ access to bank loans and their influence over loan structures are identified. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the impact of specific bank regulatory practices on credit lending to SMEs in transition economies.     

Financial Globalization and Banking Crises in Emerging Markets

Bank crises in emerging economies have been a feature of the recent global crisis, and their incidence has increased in the post-Bretton Woods era. This paper investigates the impact of financial globalization on the incidence of systemic bank crises in 20 emerging markets over the years 1976–2002 using measures of de facto and de jure financial openness. An increase in foreign debt liabilities contributes to an increase in the incidence of crises, but foreign direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities have the opposite effect. A more liberal de jure capital regime lowers the incidence of banking crises, while a regime of fixed exchange rates increases their frequency. The results of the econometric analysis is consistent with the experience of East European and central Asian emerging markets, which attracted a relatively large proportion of capital flows in the form of debt in recent years and have been particularly hard hit by the global financial crisis.     

Inflation and Welfare in Latin America

This paper follows Bailey (J Polit Econ 64:93–110, 1956) and Lucas (Econometrica 68:247–274, 2000) and estimates the welfare cost of inflation for 17 Latin American economies. We use annual data, from 1955 to 2000, and recent advances in the field of applied econometrics to estimate the inflation rate elasticity of money demand and report significantly high and differential welfare cost estimates for these economies.     

邮政EMS品牌建设思考

为使邮政EMS更好地应对速递行业日益激烈的竞争,文章分析了邮政EMS品牌建设的意义以及建设过程中存在的主要问题,探讨了邮政EMS品牌建设的对策。     

从森林环境经济核算看林业对国民经济的贡献——《联合国粮农组织林业环境与经济核算指南》案例研究

以吉林省吉林市丰满区和蛟河市为案例,运用联合国粮农组织《林业环境与经济核算指南》,对林地和林木资产实物量与价值量、林产品及森林环境服务价值流量核算;估算森林为国民经济其他部门及区域提供的产品和服务价值;通过120户农户家庭抽样调查估算森林为农户家庭带来的产品价值和收入。核算结果较为客观、准确地反映了林业对国民经济和社会发展的贡献,可为制定有利于林业可持续经营的政策提供参考。     

江、浙、沪商务成本构成比对分析及对产业转移路径的影响

本文对江、浙、沪商务成本构成趋势进行比对,并探讨其对产业转移路径的影响。研究表明:一般而言,随着经济发展,要素成本不断上升,交易成本逐步下降,而商务成本总体呈现上升的趋势。商务成本构成变化以及总体上升的趋势会对产业转移路径产生影响,大多处于产业生命周期成熟阶段的行业和劳动密集型行业向要素成本更低区域产业转移,处于产业生命周期创新和成长阶段的新兴行业则向交易成本更低区域产业集聚。经过比对,发现要素成本上海最高,江苏最低;上海交易成本最低,粗略认为浙江交易成本略低于江苏,江、浙、沪要素成本与交易成本的差异又使得制造业与第三产业部分行业在江浙沪区域内进行转移和集聚。     

中国环境税改革问题研究

开征环境税是我国现实国情下加强环境保护和应对气候变化的重要经济手段,也是我国"十二五"期间完善税制的重要内容。文章作者对环境税的基本理论问题进行了阐述,分析了中国现行环境税费制度的现状,指出了现行环境税收制度和收费制度存在的问题。在明确中国环境税制的目标框架设计的基础上,给出了开征环境税的具体选择,并分别就污染排放税和碳税进行了税制要素和相关制度的设计。