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991.
This study examines the effects of the Canada–U.S. exchange rate on bilateral trade of agricultural goods between the two countries and on U.S. farm income. Special attention is given to agricultural trade between the two countries under the Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA). This study utilizes two time series models: the vector error correction model (VECM) and the vector moving average model (VMA) with quarterly time series data from 1983 to 2000. It is found that the exchange rate has a significant impact on U.S. agricultural trade with Canada, but the impact on U.S. agricultural price and income is insignificant. The exchange rate between the two currencies is found to be weakly exogenous in the U.S. agricultural sector, which answers a fundamental question about the role of the exchange rate in Canada–U.S. bilateral trade for agricultural products. In addition, the results point to a significant, though minimal, effect on bilateral trade due to CUSTA. 相似文献
992.
Jin‐Hyuk Kim 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》2011,20(2):565-587
This paper studies how peer performance evaluation can elicit information on a group of workers when coworkers are competing for promotion. Although raters may have an incentive to game the system and free‐ride on others’ information, the firm can implement the optimal peer evaluation system that induces truth revelation and complements supervisory evaluation. Implications are also drawn for human resource management practices. 相似文献
993.
Jae H. Kim Kevin WongGeorge Athanasopoulos Shen Liu 《International Journal of Forecasting》2011,27(3):887
This paper evaluates the performances of prediction intervals generated from alternative time series models, in the context of tourism forecasting. The forecasting methods considered include the autoregressive (AR) model, the AR model using the bias-corrected bootstrap, seasonal ARIMA models, innovations state space models for exponential smoothing, and Harvey’s structural time series models. We use thirteen monthly time series for the number of tourist arrivals to Hong Kong and Australia. The mean coverage rates and widths of the alternative prediction intervals are evaluated in an empirical setting. It is found that all models produce satisfactory prediction intervals, except for the autoregressive model. In particular, those based on the bias-corrected bootstrap perform best in general, providing tight intervals with accurate coverage rates, especially when the forecast horizon is long. 相似文献
994.
An asymptotic variance inequality for instrumental variable (IV) estimators is proposed, which suggests a critical variance that signals proportional increases in the bias of IV estimators through the augmentation of a set of instruments. 相似文献
995.
The gulf between multinational enterprises’ focus on high income countries and the reality of 80% of the world living in developing,
bottom of pyramid (Hahn, J Bus Ethics 84:313–324, 2009) economies could magnify the anti-globalisation movement and political backlashes in the twenty-first century. The global
financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 has increased such social tensions throughout the world and creates greater challenges for,
responsible leadership. In this conceptual article, the authors analyse the value and identity of local managers, and the
liability of foreignness caused by over-reliance on expatriate managers and under-reliance on local managers in bottom of
pyramid countries (Hahn, 2009). It is argued that multinational enterprises need to assess local managers’ knowledge and contributions as having not only
operational and market value, but also institutional value, such as access to local knowledge and local social capital; such
a holistic approach will ensure fairer, equal treatment of all managers in the multinational enterprise. Responsible leadership
in the twenty-first century requires a greater appreciation of local managers’ institutional value and the overcoming of any
psychological distance towards local managers of bottom of pyramid countries. 相似文献
996.
This study viewed students majoring in public relations as prospective public relations practitioners and explored their perceptions
about corporate social responsibility (CSR) as their job attraction condition. The results showed that the students perceived
CSR to be an important ethical fit condition of a company. One of the significant findings is that CSR can be an effective
reputation management strategy for prospective employees, particularly when a company’s business is suffering. In examining
the effect of CSR efforts on attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, person–organization (P–O) fit appeared to serve as a mediator
between CSR performances and organizational attractiveness. 相似文献
997.
Hyun‐Hwa Lee Mary L. Damhorst J.R. Campbell Suzanne Loker Jean L. Parsons 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2011,35(3):316-329
The present empirically examined customer satisfaction with Internet sites that vary in the opportunity for mass customization. The expectation–disconfirmation model was used as a theatrical framework of the study. Two children's apparel sites were developed as the stimuli: one with a mid level of interactivity and the other with a high level of interactivity, for selection of clothing design options. The data from 208 respondents were analyzed using LISREL 8.72. The finding indicates that both consumers' expectations and perceived performances for the mass customized sites included positive and negative aspects. The results suggest that expectations were not a significant predictor of satisfaction for this innovative shopping experience yet satisfaction was primarily driven by the performance of the site and predicted by disconfirmation of expectations. The findings also suggest that expectations are not related to performance perceptions, possibly due to consumers' lack of familiarity with mass customization. The more interactive site yielded the more positive performance as well as overall positive satisfaction. Nevertheless, the less interactive site, which offers fewer choices than more interactive site, yielded more positive behavioural consequences. The generalization of the results of this study is limited because of lack of random sampling and use of the mock site of children's apparel product category. However, useful theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. 相似文献
998.
Majbritt Rostgaard Evald Kim Klyver Poul Rind Christensen 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2011,9(1):1-19
This study investigates the influence of human capital, social capital, and cognition on nascent entrepreneurs' export intentions.
The results indicate that while human capital and social capital influence the level of intended export, cognitive characteristics,
such as self-efficacy and risk aversion, do not seem to influence entrepreneurs' intended level of export. The study makes
three original contributions to international entrepreneurship research. The first one is the focus on “Real” Born Globals,
i.e. entrepreneurs who express export intentions in the prefounding phase. The second is the focus on the individual-level
factors rather than firm-level factors that explain export. Finally, the effect of experience is investigated from a path-dependency
perspective rather than a “the-more-the-better” perspective. Our study suggests that it may be productive for researchers
to look further into the concept of intention, as entrepreneurs' decision to internationalize presupposes a conscious intention
of carrying out the action. Thus, the factors influencing the decision to internationalize may have been present prior to
the founding of the venture. 相似文献
999.
Slesak G Slesak RM Inthalad S Somsavad S Sisouphanh B Kim JH Gögelein P Dietz K Barennes H 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2011,18(1):37-43
We investigate the efficacy of a multisectoral road safety campaign initiated at Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital (LNPH), North-Laos. Road safety days (RSD) with helmet promotion were organised prior to the Lao and International New Year 2007. Motorbike helmet protectiveness was demonstrated by dropping peeled versus unpeeled coconuts from 6-m high sticks simulating city speed-limit (40?km/h). The primary outcome was the number of road traffic injuries (RTI) needing admission (severe RTI) before and after the first RSD. Secondary outcomes were helmet usage, total RTI, hospital staff's behavioural changes and law enforcement. Neighbouring Bokeo Provincial Hospital (BPH) had no intervention. Severe RTI dropped by 34.7% within 12 months (from 449 to 293, p?≤?0.0001, BPH +123% [from 88 to 196]). Total RTI increased by 10.8% (from 772 to 855, p?=?0.0396, BPH +260.8% [from 186 to 671]). Police started the law enforcement right after the RSD. Helmet use increased from 11.2 to 42.5% (p?0.0001). Coconut test was the main reason for safer behaviour among RSD participants seven months later (16/32). The intervention effectively prevented severe RTI. The speed-adapted coconut drop test was a simple, convincing and efficient educational tool, easily adaptable to other settings. 相似文献
1000.
Using a sample of non-U.S. borrowers from 40 countries during 1997 through 2005, this paper investigates the effect of the
voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on price and nonprice terms of loan contracts and
loan ownership structure in the international loan market. Our results reveal the following. First, banks charge lower loan
rates to IFRS adopters than to non-adopters. The difference in loan rates in excess of a benchmark rate between the two groups
is about 20 basis points for all loans and nearly 31 basis points for London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)-based loans. Second,
banks impose more favorable nonprice terms on IFRS adopters, particularly less restrictive covenants. We also provide evidence
suggesting that banks are more willing to extend credit to IFRS adopters through larger loans and longer maturities. Finally,
IFRS adopters attract significantly more foreign lenders participating in loan syndicates than non-adopters. 相似文献