Fly-posting: An exploration of a ‘controversial’ medium

This paper investigates the concept of a controversial medium focussing on fly posting and provides insights into the attitudes held on it, the controversies surrounding it, its media effects, and on how these issues affect sponsoring organisations. Overall, the findings from the group depth interviews paint an attractive picture for potential users, as target groups of younger informants hold positive overall attitudes towards the medium. Indeed, rather than offending, fly posting's illegality and covert use were found to further enhance its ability to communicate effectively with this group. In contrast, older respondents held a range of negative views, suggesting that fly posting is not inherently controversial but it can become so in combination with audience and executional factors. Our main contribution is that we provide evidence on which to caution organisations about putting the goal of engaging with youth segments above their responsibility to other customer groups, employees, and society.     

Microeconometric analysis of wine grape supply contracts in Australia*

This paper examines wine grape supply contracts used in the main grape growing regions of Australia. An empirical analysis provides insight into specific aspects of contract design and implementation. Statistical analyses of sample data reveal differences between regions in contract specifications. Lower quality grape growing regions place a greater reliance on grape quality assessment to determine bonus/penalty payments compared to higher quality regions. Contracts in higher quality regions place greater emphasis on explicit winery involvement and direction in vineyard management. Results indicate that longer duration contracts are more inclusive in terms of the number of clauses included. Evidence of risk shifting (i.e., winery to grower) for high quality grapes is reported, where the price received by growers is determined by the bottle price of the wine produced.     

Dichotomous‐choice contingent valuation with ‘dont know’ responses and misreporting

A new approach is presented that simultaneously deals with Misreporting and Don't Know (DK) responses within a dichotomous‐choice contingent valuation framework. Utilising a modification of the standard Bayesian Probit framework, a Gibbs with Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is used to estimate the posterior densities for the parameters of interest. Several model specifications are applied to two contingent valuation datasets: one on wolf management plans, and one on the US Fee Demonstration Program. We find that DKs are more likely to be from people who would be predicted to have positive utility for the bid. Therefore, a DK is more likely to be a YES than a NO. We also find evidence of misreporting, primarily in favour of the NO option. The inclusion of DK responses has an unpredictable impact on willingness‐to‐pay estimates, since it impacts differently on the results for the two datasets we examine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Framework for regulation of the consumer marketplace

Recent critiques of the costs, effectiveness, and potential inequities in consumer protection measures have drawn attention to the need for a coherent normative framework for consumer protection. This paper sketches therefore a framework for government intervention in the marketplace to protect consumers' economic interests.After outlining the overarching objectives of consumer protection, namely the improvement of economic efficiency and equity, it documents the two main failures in consumer markets, information and high enforcement costs. Discussion is then focused on the relevance of the recent economics of information literature and its implications in consumer protection. Finally, there is a brief discussion of equity rationales. The article concludes by drawing out the general policy implications of the approach adopted in the paper.

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Zur Regulierung von Konsumgütermärkten

Zusammenfassung Die neuere Kritik an den Kosten, an der Wirksamkeit und an den potentiellen Ungerechtigkeiten verbraucherpolitischer Instrumente macht deutlich, daß ein systematischer normativ-theoretischer Hintergrund für die Verbraucherpolitik nötig ist. Allgemeine Hinweise auf unausgewogene Marktmacht reichen im nach-regulatorischen Stadium nicht mehr aus.Der vorliegende Beitrag umreißt daher einen Rahmen für staatliche Intervention auf M:arkten zum Schutz des Verbraucherinteresses. Zunächst werden die Verbesserung sowohl der ökonomischen Effizienz als auch der Gleichrangigkeit als die beiden Hauptziele der Verbraucherpolitik und ihre Beziehungen untereinander angesprochen. Es folgt eine Behandlung der Interventionsbegründungen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Effizienz mit einer Diskussion der neueren Literatur zur Informationsökonomie in ihrer Bedeutung für die Identifizierung von Informationsunzulänglichkeiten zuf Konsumgütermärkten und eine Behandlung der Interventionsbegründungen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Gleichrangigkeit.Als Schlußfolgerung ergibt sich, daß Interventionen in höherem Maße markt- und produkt-spezifisch sein sollten; dies muß mit der Forderung nach längerfristiger Klarheit und Vorhersagbarkeit von Regelungen und Standards in Einklang gebracht werden. Abschließend wird darauf hingewiesen, daß trotz aller rationaler Rechtfertigungen, die der Beitrag liefert, die Entscheidung zur Intervention im Kern politischer Natur ist.

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Iain Ramsay is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 22–24 Windsor Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England. This article is a summary of ideas which are developed at greater length in I. Ramsay: Rationales for intervention in the consumer marketplace, Occasional Paper, Office of Fair Trading, London. Copies of this study may be obtained from the Office of Fair Trading.     

Corporate social responsibility in small‐and medium‐size enterprises: investigating employee engagement in fair trade companies

Employee buy‐in is a key factor in ensuring small‐ and medium‐size enterprise (SME) engagement with corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this exploratory study, we use participant observation and semi‐structured interviews to investigate the way in which three fair trade SMEs utilise human resource management (and selection and socialisation in particular) to create employee engagement in a strong triple bottomline philosophy, while simultaneously coping with resource and size constraints. The conclusions suggest that there is a strong desire for, but tradeoff within these companies between selection of individuals who already identify with the triple bottomline philosophy and individuals with experience and capability to deal with mainstream brand management – two critical employee attributes that appear to be rarely found together. The more important the business experience to the organisation, the more effort the organisation must expend in formalising their socialisation programmes to ensure employee engagement. A key method in doing this is increasing employee knowledge of, and affection for, the target beneficiaries of the CSR programme (increased moral intensity).