Debate: Economic policy and prospects; Accounting for inflation

Citizenship, a somewhat elusive concept, is explored in the context of social, economic and political entitlement. At the socio‐political level, it is argued that bodies intermediate to the state and individual—civil and civic formations—are necessary for citizenship to flourish in an atmosphere where experiments in living can take place. We currently lack a clear philosophy directed to creating an acceptable balance between individual self‐help, the enabling state which pilots the needs of citizens into agreed channels and intermediate social life forms. Such a philosophy needs to be developed alongside an institutional restructuring of the state. In this, a reformed constitutional and administrative law has a crucial role to play.     

有色冶金原理中炉渣系三元相图的几点思考

炉渣系三元相图是有色冶金原理中的重点与难点。通过归纳、凝练相图基础知识,制作冷却过程动态演示课件,能够更直观、牢固掌握三元相图的相关知识。本文结合浓度三角形基本规则举例分析炉渣系局部投影图物系点的冷却过程,能够加深对炉渣系相图的理解,从而培养灵活运用相图知识解决实际问题的能力。     

THE EFFICIENCY OF SEQUESTERING CARBON IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS

Agricultural tillage practices are important human-induced activities that can alter carbon emissions from agricultural soils and have the potential to contribute significantly to reductions in greenhouse gas emission (Lal et al., The Potential of U.S. Cropland, 1998). This research investigates the expected costs of sequestering carbon in agricultural soils under different subsidy and market-based policies. Using detailed National Resources Inventory data, we estimate the probability that farmers adopt conservation tillage practices based on a variety of exogenous characteristics and profit from conventional practices. These estimates are used with physical models of carbon sequestration to estimate the subsidy costs of achieving increased carbon sequestration with alternative subsidy schemes.     

出口加工区的技术溢出效应的文献综述

我国从建立第一批出口加工区以来，至令已过去六个年头了。随着经济的发展，最初建立出口加工区以便于管理出口加工贸易的功能逐步转变为如何更好地拉动当地经济发展。本文对上世纪70年代以来国内外经济学在出口加工技术溢出效应地研究进行了总结，并指出研究的一些不足之处，以期为我国开展相应地研究提供借鉴。     

Bank loan commitments and Material Adverse Change clause

As Ergungor (2001) indicated, some critical problems still exist in the valuation of bank loan commitments. One of them is the Material Adverse Change (“MAC”) clause as a contractual discretion that may be exercised by banks. We explain how the MAC clause can affect the value of bank loan commitments in the competitive loan market.