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51.
This empirical note extends the recent work by Holmes (2006) in examining the long-run relationship between private and public
savings in the U.S. over the post-World War II period. Standard Engle-Granger cointegration tests fail to reject the null
hypothesis of no cointegration; however, once allowance is made for an endogenous break in the cointegrating relationship,
the weak form of the Ricardian equivalence proposition is supported. 相似文献
52.
The Self-concept of Black and White Women: The Influences Upon Its Formation of Welfare Dependency, Work Effort, Family Networks, and Illnesses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract . The concept of “self-efficacy” is used to test the hypothesis that the negative self-concept of welfare recipients coniributes to long term psychological and material dependency on such assistance. Self-efficacy focuses on the extent to which people are able to produce and regulate events in their lives and is associated with self-imposed performance expectations. The extent to which the minority status which Blacks occupy in this society decreases self efficacy relative to Whites is examined, using information generated from structured interviews with 290 low income Black and White women. Operationalizing the concept of self-efficacy with appropriate controls for socioeconomic status, family composition and other factors results in finding no racial differences in sense of self-efficacy between Black and White women. Observed differences in patterns of receipt of public assistance are found to be more directly related to the persistence of structural barriers to upward mobility that have differential impacts on Blacks and Whites. Long term receipt of public assistance is found to adversely affect both self-worth and work orientation/perceived efficacy for all women. 相似文献
53.
Sickness Presenteeism, Sickness Absenteeism, and Health Following Restructuring in a Public Service Organization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Natasha Caverley J. Barton Cunningham James N. MacGregor 《Journal of Management Studies》2007,44(2):304-319
abstract This study examined the relationship between sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, organizational outcomes and employee health. In particular, we wanted to investigate to what degree employees were substituting sickness presence for sickness absence. Three hypotheses were tested to formalize this 'substitution proposition'. We surveyed a Canadian public service organization which was involved in a large scale downsizing initiative. For this study, 237 Personnel Corporation (pseudonym used) employees responded to the survey, representing a 66 per cent response rate. Survey results indicated that, while the workforce was of average health, sickness absenteeism was less than half that of the national average. The difference could be accounted for by sickness presenteeism – the average number of days employees attended work while ill or injured was greater than the number of days of sickness absence. The pattern of results supported the notion that employees were substituting presenteeism for absenteeism. The frequency and type of self-reported health problems were highly similar for presenteeism and absenteeism. Work factors (e.g. job security, supervisor support and job satisfaction) tested were significantly correlated with presenteeism. Presenteeism appears to be a stronger predictor of health than absenteeism, suggesting that efforts to improve workplace health may have a more immediate impact on presenteeism than on absenteeism. 相似文献
54.
Relationships in business markets: Exchange episodes,value creation,and their empirical assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
James C. Anderson 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1995,23(4):346-350
Conclusion David Wilson (1995) has provided us with much grist for thought with his integrated framework for customer-supplier relationship
development. In focusing on which constructs are “active” and therefore most meaningful at each stage, he has opened a new
vista for research in this area. Our models and empirical research ought to reflect this, but to date they largely have not.
I have suggested qualitative, longitudinal research as a preferred next step in gaining the knowledge that we will need to
make field-survey, longitudinal research worthwhile.
Wilson also is to be lauded for drawing greater attention to value creation as a central undertaking in customer-supplier
relationships. Understanding and actualizing value creation (and value sharing) are critical aspects of the market-sensing
and customer-linking capabilities in market-driven organizations (Day 1994), yet the mechanisms underlying them and the methodologies
for accurately assessing them remain largely unknown. Here, particularly for tool development research, it would seem to be
an opportune time for business marketing academics and practitioners to form their own collaborative relationships for mutual
gain.
His research interests are in working relationships between firms in business markets and measurement techniques. His articles
have appeared inHarvard Business Review, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Management Science, Psychological Bulletin, andPsychometrika, among others. He has been vice president of the Business Marketing Division of the American Marketing Association and is
a fellow of the American Psychological Association. 相似文献
55.
An empirical test of trust-building processes and outcomes in sales manager-salesperson relationships 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thomas G. Brashear James S. Boles Danny N. Bellenger Charles M. Brooks 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2003,31(2):189-200
This study examines three trust-building processes and outcomes in sales manager-salesperson relationships. This study, based
on a sample of more than 400 business-to-business salespeoples from a variety of industries, shows two trust-building processes
(predictive and identification) to be significantly related to salesperson trust in the sales manager. Interpersonal trust
was found to be most strongly related to shared values and respect. Trust was directly related to job satisfaction and relationalism,
and indirectly related to organizational commitment and turnover intention.
Thomas G. Brashear (brashear@mktg.umass.edu) (Ph.D., Georgia State University) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Isenberg School
of Management at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst.
James S. Boles (jboles@gsu.edu) (Ph.D., Louisiana State University) is an associate professor of marketing in the Robinson College of Business
at Georgia State University. His research has appeared in a variety of journals, including theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, and theJournal of Applied Psychology. His areas of research interest include personal selling, sales management, key and strategic account management, and business
relationships.
Danny N. Bellenger (mktdnb@langate.gsu.edu) (Ph.D., University of Alabama) is currently chairman of the Marketing Department in the Robinson
College of Business at Georgia State University. His research has appeared in a number of academic journals including theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Advertising Research, theCalifornia Management Review, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Industrial Marketing Management, and theJournal of Business Research. He has authored four monographs and four textbooks on marketing research, sales, and retailing.
Charles M. Brooks (brooks@quinnipiac.edu) (Ph.D., Georgia State University) is an associate professor and chair of the Department of Marketing
and Advertising at Quinnipiac University. His research has appeared in theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Retailing, Marketing Theory, and theJournal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 相似文献
56.
James Tobin 《De Economist》1990,138(1):1-14
Summary Jan Tinbergen originated the theory of policy in the 1950s. Here I apply it to contemporary macroeconomics. The two standard instruments of short-run demand management cannot achieve the two usual targets, full employment and price stability. With respect to those goals, these two instruments are collinear, except for small and transient effects on foreign exchange rates. But the mix of fiscal and monetary policies, relative to one another, does have important effects on the composition of national output, as between investment and consumption.I point out that policy-makers, like portfolio managers, should diversify the instruments they use when they are uncertain of their effects. I discuss some pitfalls in the empirical estimation of policy effects, especially possible misinterpretations of simple correlations, and I note that policy rules cannot be invariant to changes in macroeconomic structure. I argue that policy rules should involve responses to new information and in practice allow discretion. Finally, I suggest that Tinbergen's theory of policy needs to be extended to policy coordination among nations.Third Tinbergen Lecture delivered on October 20, 1989, in Utrecht for the Royal Netherlands Economic Association. 相似文献
57.
Recent theoretical developments have incorporated endogenous multinational firms into the general–equilibrium model of trade. One simple taxonomy separates the theory into "vertical" models, in which firms geographically separate activities by stages of production, and "horizontal" models, in which multiplant firms duplicate roughly the same activities in many countries. The authors nest a horizontal and a vertical model within a hybrid (unrestricted) "knowledge–capital model" and estimate the specifications with data on US foreign direct investment activity. In the nested econometric tests, the data sample cannot distinguish statistically between the unrestricted model and the restricted horizontal model, indicating that the latter captures virtually all of the determinants of FDI. The tests overwhelmingly reject the vertical model. 相似文献
58.
The Productivity of US States since 1880 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study uses state-level variation in labor productivity levels at twenty-year intervals between 1880 and 1980 to examine the relative importance of institutional and geographical influences in explaining observed and persistent differences in standards of living over time and across regions. Focusing on fundamental rather than proximate influences, we find that both institutional characteristics and some physical geography characteristics account for a high proportion of the differences in state productivity levels: states with navigable waterways, a large minerals endowment, and no slaves in 1860, on average, had higher labor productivity levels throughout the sample period. However, we find little support for two other influences that have previously received attention—climate and latitude. 相似文献
59.
国有企业、金融市场改革与养老保险制度改革的互动效应--中国如何解决老年保障问题? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
中国政府非常清楚社会保障所面临的危机,决定寻求解决办法。拟议中的社会保障改革的核心是积累制和整合条块分割的体系,计划为每个工人建立个人退休账户,对养老基金进行有效投资。然而,这种改革受阻于三个关键因素。(1)在向积累制的转化过程中必须支付特制成本;(2)现有的社会保障体系条块分割、分散化管理3(3)已经积累的基金尚未取得高收益,也未分配到最有效率的用途上。 相似文献
60.
This article presents a macroeconomic model in which government deficits are bond financed and the stock of bonds may affect both expected income and liquidity. If either of these effects exists, then comparative statics analysis requires the government budget to be balanced. Temporary divergences from a balanced budget and changes in the maturity structure of the government debt may be analyzed in terms of changes in the stock of bonds. It is shown that traditional fiscal and monetary policies may have a perverse effect; that to ensure effective policy, deficit financing and open market operations should be avoided; and that only policies involving a balanced budget or the financing of deficits or surpluses through changes in the stock of money should be undertaken. 相似文献