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991.
992.
M. H. Hoang Fagerström Tran Yem Pham Quang Ha Vu Dinh Tuan C. Valhed K. Kvamme 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(3):177-188
A research project was carried out in two areas in the outskirts of Hanoi city using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The objective was to study interactions among the vegetable farming systems and the peri-urban context within which they are situated. The farms studied were characterised as small-scale farms that use high inputs of soil amendments and pesticides for diversified crop rotation systems. The main source of irrigation water and nutrients for vegetable farming in southern Hanoi is wastewater from the To Lich River. In northern Hanoi, irrigation water is obtained directly from the Red River and nutrients are supplied through high fertiliser inputs. The concentrations of COD (144–287 mg l?1), N-NH4 + (1–25 mg l?1), PO4 3? (0.5–4 mg l?1) and coliform (525 × 103?28 × 106 MPN 100 ml?1) along the To Lich River was much higher than the limits specified in the Vietnamese standard for water used in agriculture. A higher Cu content in soil in Phuc Ly seems to be linked to the high input of chicken manure at the site. However, the contents of heavy metals in irrigation water, in vegetables and in the soil surface layer at the two sites were lower than the Vietnamese maximum permissible levels. 相似文献
993.
Integrated water and economic modelling of the impacts of water market instruments on the South African economy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A static computable general equilibrium model of South Africa is adapted to compare new taxes on water demand by two industries, namely forestry, and irrigated field crops. Comparisons are made with respect to both the short and the long run, in terms of three target variables, namely (i) the environment; (ii) the economy; and (iii) equity. Since the taxes on the two industries do not raise the same amount of revenue, the target variables are calculated per unit of real government revenue raised by the new taxes (also referred to as the marginal excess burdens of the taxes). The model results are robust for moderate values of the water elasticity of demand in the two industries, in both the long and the short run. The tax on irrigated field crops performs better in terms of all three the target variables in the short run. In the long run the tax on irrigated filed crops is better in terms of water saving, but reduces real GDP and the consumption by poor households. 相似文献
994.
We provide a new data set on per capita book production as a proxy for advanced literacy skills, and assess this relative
to other measures. While literacy proxies very basic skills, book production per capita is an indicator for more advanced
capabilities. Growth theory suggests that human capital formation plays a significant role in creating the ‘wealth of nations.’
This study tests whether human capital formation has an impact on early-modern growth disparities. In contrast to some previous
studies which denied the role of human capital as a crucial determinant of long-term growth, we confirm its importance.
相似文献
995.
Richard K?hler 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2008,25(2):56-57
Literaturhinweise
„Marketingeffizienz“ Literaturhinweise zusammengestellt von Mag. Heike Kurzmann 相似文献996.
997.
Understanding the adoption of new brands through salespeople: a multilevel framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan Wieseke Christian Homburg Nick Lee 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2008,36(2):278-291
So far there has been scant empirical attention paid to the role of the sales force in the adoption of new brands in the early
implementation stages. We test a framework of internal (sales manager and salespeople) brand adoption using an empirical multilevel
study. Our findings suggest that the construct of expected customer demand (ECD) plays an important role in sales force brand
adoption. First, ECD directly influences salespeople’s and sales managers’ brand adoption. Second, ECD serves as a cross-level
moderator of new brand adoption transmission. We find the influence of sales managers’ brand adoption on salespeople’s brand
adoption to be stronger when salespeople’s ECD is lower. 相似文献
998.
This article investigates the order imbalance and price behavior of trades and quotes around isolated informed trades intraday.
Different patterns of order flows around informed trades are documented because of the originating stock exchange, the type
of informed trader, the size of the order, and the type of the firm whose shares are traded. The informed trader acts contrarian
to prior trades. Informed purchases follow price declines, and sales are after price increases. The informed trade is recognized
by the market maker. The purchase is executed at a significantly higher price, while the sale is executed at a significantly
lower price. Trades contain more information if the insiders are at small firms. Larger orders and orders by top executives
also contain more information. The order imbalance changes around an informed trade. Orders are seller-initiated prior to
the purchase and become buyer-initiated after the trade. On the other hand, the order imbalance changes from buyer- to seller-initiated
right around insider sales. Reversals in order imbalance are more pronounced for informed trades in small firms, for larger
trades, and by top executives. There are important policy implications of the results. The recognition of informed trades
by market makers justifies more scrutiny by the Securities and Exchange Commission in order to ensure fair trading. 相似文献
999.
In this paper, we experimentally investigate a social learning model with endogenous timing. Specifically, we focus on a model, in which two subjects are supposed to make a binary decision. One alternative is a safe action with a fixed payoff, while the other alternative is a risky action. The subjects can make their decisions in three stages. The safe action is reversible, but the risky action is not. A subject who delays his decision can observe the decision of the other subject in the earlier stages, and as a result, acquire more information. We show that players do delay their decisions in order to obtain more information. Furthermore, they delay especially when their private information does not particularly support the risky action. We also find evidence which suggests that risk aversion plays an important role in timing decisions, often leading to ex post inefficient outcomes. 相似文献
1000.