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Diversification by firms into unfamiliar areas of business is achieved either by acquisition of an existing business in the destination industry or a greenfield start‐up. This article focuses on the business strategy of greenfield start‐ups. We theorize and find that firms entering a market by establishing a new subsidiary rely solely on their own preexisting internal resources, making it favorable to align the business strategy of the start‐up with the firm's value‐generating competencies. Our empirical results, which are based on a sample of German Pensionsfonds and their parent companies, are consistent with the view that the business strategy choice of a newly founded subsidiary is substantially directed by the internal resources and competencies of the parent firm. 相似文献
994.
This paper develops an international trade model where firms in a duopoly may diversify their technologies for strategic reasons. The firms face the same set of technologies given by a tradeoff between marginal costs and fixed costs, but depending on trade costs firms may choose different technologies. Market integration may induce a technological restructuring where firms either diversify their technologies or switch to a homogeneous technology. In general, market integration improves welfare. However, a small decrease of trade costs which induces a switch from heterogeneous technologies to a homogeneous technology may locally reduce global welfare. The model also shows that productivity differences lead to intra‐industry firm heterogeneity in size and exports similar to the “new–new” trade models with monopolistic competition. 相似文献
995.
Durch die Ansprache von Kunden über vielf?ltige Marketingkan?le nimmt die Anzahl der Kundenberührungspunkte deutlich zu. Diese Customer Touchpoints müssen identifiziert und als Teil des Marketing-Mix genutzt werden. Sie sind kaufentscheidend und
bilden ein kanalübergreifendes Markenerlebnis. Beispiele der Vermarktung von internet-gestütztem Fernsehen (IPTV) und des Vertriebs von Mode zeigen, dass integriertes Multichannel
Marketing die Basis für zukünftiges Wachstum ist. 相似文献
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998.
Leopold Sögner 《Empirical Economics》2001,26(3):553-564
Okun's Law postulates an inverse relationship between movements of the unemployment rate and the real gross domestic product (GDP).
Initial empirical estimates for US data indicate that a two to three percent GDP growth rate above the natural or average
GDP growth rate causes unemployment to decrease by one percentage point and vice versa. In this investigation we check whether
this postulated relationship exhibits structural breaks by means of Markov-Chain Monte Carlo methods. We estimate a regression
model, where the parameters are allowed to switch between different states and the switching process is Markov. As a by-product
we derive an estimate of the current state within the periods considered. Using quarterly Austrian data on unemployment and
real GDP from 1977 to 1995 we infer only one state, i.e. there are no structural breaks. The estimated parameters demand for
an excess GDP growth rate of 4.16% to decrease unemployment by 1 percentage point. Since only one state is inferred, we conclude
that the Austrian economy exhibits a stable relationship between unemployment and GDP growth.
First version received: January 2000/Final version received: October 2000 相似文献
999.
Helmut Kasper Mark Lehrer Jürgen Mühlbacher Barbara Müller 《International Business Review》2013,22(1):326-338
This qualitative field study investigated cross-site knowledge sharing in a small sample of multinational corporations in three different MNC business contexts (global, multidomestic, transnational). The results disclose heterogeneous “worlds” of MNC knowledge sharing, ultimately raising the question as to whether the whole concept of MNC knowledge sharing covers a sufficiently unitary phenomenon to be meaningful. We derive a non-exhaustive typology of MNC knowledge-sharing practices: self-organizing knowledge sharing, technocratic knowledge sharing, and best practice knowledge sharing. Despite its limitations, this typology helps to elucidate a number of issues, including the latent conflict between two disparate theories of MNC knowledge sharing, namely “sender–receiver” and “social learning” theories (Noorderhaven & Harzing, 2009). More generally, we develop the term “knowledge contextualization” to highlight the way that firm-specific organizational features pre-define which knowledge is considered to be of special relevance for intra-organizational sharing. 相似文献
1000.
Björn Fasterling 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,106(1):73-87
This article introduces compliance disclosure regimes to business ethics research. Compliance disclosure is a relatively recent
regulatory technique whereby companies are obliged to disclose the extent to which they comply with codes, ‘best practice
standards’ or other extra-legal texts containing norms or prospective norms. Such ‘compliance disclosure’ obligations are
often presented as flexible regulatory alternatives to substantive, command-and-control regulation. However, based on a report
on experiences of existing compliance disclosure obligations, this article will identify major weaknesses that prevent them
from becoming effective mechanisms to discipline a certain type of behaviour. It will be argued that regulatory recourse to
compliance disclosure obligations is nonetheless worthwhile if we view them as mechanisms that can initiate a dialogue about
norm interpretation, application and norm desirability. From this perspective, compliance disclosure obligations serve less
to discipline companies by making corporate practices transparent, and more to trigger a process of norm development, in which
the law, companies and their stakeholders interact. This article provides an illustration of how mandatory disclosure, if
it is restricted to a unilateral communication process, may produce no effective results (or even prove counterproductive),
whilst highlighting the alternative potential of disclosure as an initiator of dialogue, supported by laws, geared towards
the development and refinement of norms applicable to business in a global context and the values they promote. 相似文献