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871.
Mathieu Despard Stephen Roll Michal Grinstein-Weiss Bradley Hardy Jane Oliphant 《The Journal of consumer affairs》2023,57(1):245-263
Tax refunds are an opportunity for lower-income households to accumulate emergency savings so they have cash on hand to cover expenses when income is insufficient. Our field experiments testing different behavioral interventions to encourage refund saving via online tax filing show small effect sizes (0.12–0.14) and a low aggregate savings rate (12%) that might be increased were filers to receive financial incentives. We test a key provision of the Refund to Rainy Day Saving and Financial Security Credit Acts using a survey experiment, finding that hypothetical refund saving jumps from 16% with no financial incentive, to 71% and 80% with 25% and 50% matches, respectively, findings which are mostly insensitive to refund size. Our results suggest that public policies to provide greater financial support—including stronger income supports—will better prepare lower-income households for financial emergencies than behavioral interventions to nudge refund saving. 相似文献
872.
873.
Benjamin Handel Nianyi Hong Lynn M. Hua Yuki Ito 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2023,90(1):93-121
Risk-adjustment policies, which transfer money from insurers with healthy consumers to those with sick consumers, are an important tool to contend with adverse selection in health insurance markets. While the steady-state properties of risk-adjustment have been studied extensively, there is less evidence on the transition phase of policy implementation. We study the introduction and removal of risk-adjustment at California Public Employees' Retirement System and show that these changes meaningfully impact premiums via plan differences in enrollee health status. Despite these premium differences, there is limited consumer resorting due to consumer inertia, though new active enrollees respond more fluidly. We show that, with inertial consumers, risk-adjustment changes have substantial distributional consequences, leading to worse outcomes for sicker consumers when removed and vice-versa when implemented. We estimate a model of plan choice with premium sensitivity, brand preferences, and inertia and use these estimates to study the interaction between risk-adjustment policies and the strength of inertia. 相似文献
874.
875.
We introduce country-level Google search activity as a direct measure of the level of stakeholder attention directed towards sustainability reports. We validate this measure by establishing that search activity for sustainability reports is correlated with temporal patterns in firms' supply of these reports. To frame the economic magnitude of this search behaviour, we then show that the level of attention directed towards sustainability reports is very low compared to the level of attention directed towards financial and accounting information. Next, we examine two related research questions. First, we identify who pays attention to sustainability reports. We find, consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve, that attention towards sustainability reports is strongly associated with economic development. Consistent with findings in prior research that suggest citizens in stakeholder-oriented countries have stronger preferences for firms to act prosocially, we also find that search activity for sustainability reports relative to search activity for financial performance metrics is greater in civil law countries than in common law countries. Finally, we then explore the question of why individuals pay attention to sustainability reports and find evidence that suggests sustainability reports are used for two primary purposes: evaluating the societal impacts of firms' actions; and, firm valuation. 相似文献
876.
This article reports a longitudinal study exploring talent management, through narratives provided by a group of managers of doctoral programmes in eight UK universities during the 2020 coronavirus outbreak. These managers were also academics, researchers and doctoral supervisors and their perspectives were gathered before and during “lockdown,” and then into the subsequent confused period of semi-lockdown / second lockdown, as cases of Coronavirus increased again in late 2020. Changing socio-economic circumstances, together with the added pressures of family responsibilities, impacted on participants' perceptions of changing roles and relationships during the pandemic. Over 12 months, six semi-structured online interviews (each lasting between 50 and 120 minutes) were conducted, using available platforms, with intervening emails. The narratives showed both formal and informal “talent management methods” and emphasized the need to use both to attract and retain international students. 相似文献
877.
The proportion of single person households is increasing with population ageing. At older ages living in a single person household is more likely to be due to bereavement or separation than at younger ages. We examine the association between marital status and the likelihood and the length of hospitalisations, with particular emphasis on whether and how this association varies by different types of hospitalisations with a distinct nature of care. Using a large survey linked to multiple years of detailed administrative records enables us to better control for individual heterogeneity and allows us to conduct a finer classification of hospitalisations. A two-part model is used for estimation. We also investigate the relationship between marital status and the presentations to emergency department. The results show singles have an increased probability of hospitalisation and length of stay, with a substantial heterogeneity revealed in the association between marital status and different types of hospitalisations. The findings are consistent with the lesser availability of informal care for those being single and point to the need to develop appropriate and targeted strategies to reduce hospitalisation in this group. 相似文献
878.
La libertad de asociación puede englobar el derecho sindical a emprender acciones colectivas en interés de los afiliados. En ese sentido, se presume que los sindicatos aumentan la libertad de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado suficientemente la vinculación entre esa libertad, entendida como realización personal, y la acción colectiva sindical que crea coaliciones con la sociedad civil. Partiendo de los conceptos de libertad de Berlin (1969) y MacCallum (1967), en este artículo se evalúa cómo influyen esas coaliciones en la libertad de los trabajadores. Posteriormente, desde una perspectiva democrática radical (Laclau y Mouffe 2001) de la participación sindical en el movimiento de transición justa en Nueva Zelandia, se examina si los sindicatos amplían esa libertad. 相似文献
879.