Free entry in successive oligopolies

In the present paper, we propose an extension of Spengler's (1950) analysis of successive oligopolies, to study the effects of entry in the downstream and upstream markets. Free entry is analyzed using replica economies à la Debreu and Scarf (1963) . We find that free entry may have different effects in the upstream and in the downstream market. Namely, the usual convergence of the price to the corresponding marginal cost only occurs in the downstream market.     

当前物价运行及其未来发展趋势

2011年8月以来,CPI同比涨幅持续回落,全年CPI上涨5．4％。从2012年物价走势看,受政策滞后效应和上年同期基数效应影响,上半年物价有望延续回落趋势,而随着政策微调和宏观经济回升,下半年物价重拾升势的可能性较大。预计2012年全年CPI涨幅为3．6％左右。综合考虑我国工业化发展阶段、刘易斯拐点与资源品价格市场化改革等因素来看,中长期内物价仍存在上涨压力。     

From protectionism to free trade fever? Recent reforms in developing countries

During the 1980s, increasing numbers of developing countries unilaterally liberalized their trade regimes. This paper presents an overview of this dramatic shift from protectionism toward freer trade. South Asia, Latin America, and East Asia have implemented extensive reforms, yet each region has shown a distinct difference in approach and in the degree of liberalization actually achieved. Latin America stands out as moving sharply toward the level of openness of the East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs). Only in Africa is there little progress toward freer trade.     

Changes needed in agricultural policy for female-headed farm families in tropical Africa

The decline in per-capita agricultural production has been reversed somewhat in tropical Africa by the structural adjustment programs which have increased producer prices, liberalized marketing and devalued currencies. But the 30% of smallholder farm households which are female-headed will not be assited much due to their special constraints of shortages of labor and credit, lack of extension visits and appropriate labor-saving technologies. For these households, the authors argue, improved extension services, credit for agricultural inputs, small ruminant animals and poultry, labor-saving devices and craft inputs will be necessary to increase their incomes and levels of living.     

西北地区进城农民工配偶相携迁移发展机制研究—基于22省60市的问卷调查

家庭迁移已经成为中国20世纪90年代以来农村劳动力乡城流动中的一个重要特征。运用课题组城镇打工农民就业变化与市民化问卷调查数据,分析了西北地区携眷迁移发展状况,从整体携眷迁移和夫妻不同先行者携眷迁移两个维度建立三个回归模型,将人力资本和社会资本放在统一的分析框架中,探讨西北地区进城农民工携眷迁移发展机制,首次对城市农民工配偶相携迁移机制进行了实证分析,拓展了以往农民工家庭迁移的研究视野。研究表明:西北地区未婚和已婚农民工携眷迁移水平远远低于个体迁移,且女性携眷迁移水平较男性携眷发展更低,与西北外地区携眷发展还有差距。人力资本、社会资本及城市门槛对夫妻不同先行者携眷迁移的影响作用及路径有显著差异,西北地区夫携迁移发展机制主要来自城市打工生活时间、现城镇住房状况、业缘朋友数量等级、迁移距离的作用,而妻携迁移发展的主要渠道和作用较夫携迁移多元化。应努力创建农民工相应迁移机制发挥效应的环境和平台,以增强其家庭成员迁移的人力资本、社会资本及跨越城市迁移门槛的能力,并形成携眷迁移与女性职业提升协同发展的互动机制。     

一种新型可控硅固态调压装置

本文介绍了一种利用可控硅相控整流技术调节电压的方法及实用装置。对组成调压装置的主要电路的设计思想和工作原理作了简要分析。并结合该装置的实际应用介绍了一些优点并提出了自己的看法。     

基于BDS的ADS-B报文生成系统

目前国际民航组织（ICAO）和美国航空无线电技术委员会（RTCA）有关广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）标准中的报文数据源均规定来自全球定位系统（GPS）,而中国自主建设的“北斗”卫星导航系统（BDS）作为ADS-B数据源是必然趋势。设计了基于BDS的ADS-B报文生成系统的总体架构,利用BDS接收机接收的真实数据仿真生成了ADS-B的6种报文,并以空中位置报文的生成为例,详细阐述了报文产生涉及的关键技术以及报文的生成过程。通过运行集成后的ADS-B报文生成系统以及对所产生的6种报文的仿真验证,证明该系统总体设计思路合理,运行结果正确,可为基于BDS的ADS-B相关技术研究提供稳定可靠的ADS-B报文源。     

公司治理的竞争效应与规制效应分析——来自中国A股上市公司的证据

研究以中国2003—2007年所有A股上市公司为样本,借鉴Chhaoehharia和Laeven（2007,2009）以及白重恩（2005）的方法构建公司治理指数,发现公司治理结构与绩效之间存在显著的相关关系。外部董事比例、高管持股量、第一大股东持股比例、第二至第十大股东股权集中度、公司在其它市场挂牌上市以及政府控股等对绩效都有显著影响,在长期内,公司治理的竞争效应优于规制效应。这为中国公司治理改革应该更多依靠市场调节还是依赖政府干预提供了实证依据。     

Enhancing value for Chinese shoppers: The contribution of store and customer characteristics

This study tested the relationships between store and customer characteristics with perceived value and customer loyalty in retailing in China. Survey data were collected from shoppers in department stores (n=200) and supermarkets (n=200) in the tier 2 coastal city of Tianjin. Data for each type of store were analysed separately using structural models. In supermarkets, value was predicted by quality and price, but for department stores, only the customer orientation of the store was significant, suggesting that customers seek different shopping experiences in each context. In each case, value mediated the links to loyalty and, for supermarkets, choice of merchandise and consumer time pressure demonstrated direct links to loyalty. The paper discusses the implications of the findings, and concludes with possible future research.