Klachten over Handelsvrijheid

Tets over nieuw op te richten stoomvaartlijnen, doormr. B. M. Bahlmann. Het adres van enkele vereenigingen en steenfabrikanten aan de beide Kamers der Staten-Generaal. Het oude stelsel van vrijen Handel en het moderne protectionisme, doormr. C. E. Godée. Vrijhandel of bescherming? doorJ. Spée.     

The Incidence of Pension Contributions: A Panel Based Analysis of the Impact of Pension Contributions on Labor Cost,Wages and Labor Supply

De Economist - One of the key elements in the planned pension reform in the Netherlands is to abolish the implicit subsidy from younger to older workers inherent in pension schemes with age...     

The contribution of scenario analysis to the front-end of new product development

The front-end of new product development involves the identification and analysis of product or service opportunities, idea generation, and the selection of new product and service concepts. It is often referred to as non-routine, dynamic, and highly uncertain. Authors have made attempts to improve the manageability of this phase by proposing several methods and techniques. This paper explores the possible contribution of scenario analysis to increase the quality and effectiveness of the front-end of new product development process by linking a set of functions of scenario analysis as is recognized in the literature as possible solutions to various front-end problems. Two case studies are used to explore if and how the scenario analysis functions contribute to the front-end of new product development process in an empirical setting.     

Transnational labour markets and national wage setting systems in the EU

The article analyses the impact of European regulations of posting on different national wage systems. The article shows that the impact varied across the countries and has been filtered by the national institutions regulating the labour market. In the voluntarist wage setting systems of Germany and even Sweden, they have been a major factor bringing wages back into competition. The ability of national actors to act has been considerably curtailed by the European Court of Justice (EUJ), which has placed free competition above the basic rights of autonomous collective bargaining. Because of the divergent interests of Member States, this weakening of national actors cannot be compensated for by transnational agreements. This ‘negative integration’ brings with it a serious risk that the inclusiveness of European wage systems will be eroded by a series of cumulative effects.     

Deprivation of Women and Men Living in a Couple: Sharing or Unequal Division?

In standard poverty analyses, all household members are assumed to share equal living conditions. Though a few national studies exist, this paper is the first to present empirical evidence on this issue for the EU, using the 2015 wave of the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. We map the extent of intra-couple inequality in deprivation, and analyze its determinants. We find that for most items, the gender difference in lack between partners, though generally small, is significant and at the disadvantage of women. When aggregating the individual items into a deprivation scale, couples where the number of enforced lacks is higher for the woman (9.2 percent) are (significantly) more numerous than couples where the man is disadvantaged (6.5 percent), at the EU level. Econometric analysis shows that the work status of the partners and their relative contribution to the joint income are important determinants of the intra-couple gender deprivation gap.     

Top Management Team Advice Seeking and Exploratory Innovation: The Moderating Role of TMT Heterogeneity

Research on strategic decision making has considered advice‐seeking behaviour as an important top management team attribute that influences organizational outcomes. Yet, our understanding about how top management teams utilize advice to modify current strategies and pursue exploratory innovation is still unclear. To uncover the importance of advice seeking, we delineate between external and internal advice seeking and investigate their impact on exploratory innovation. We also argue that top management team heterogeneity moderates the impact of advice seeking on exploratory innovation. Findings indicated that both external and internal advice seeking are important determinants of a firm's exploratory innovation. In addition, we observed that top management team heterogeneity facilitates firms to act upon internal advice by combining different perspectives and developing new products and services. Interestingly, heterogeneous top management teams appeared to be less effective to leverage external advice and pursue exploratory innovation.     

Management Innovation and Leadership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Size

Recent research on management innovation, i.e. new managerial processes, practices, or structures that change the nature of managerial work, suggests it can be an important source of competitive advantage. In this study, we focus on management innovation at the organization level and investigate the role of leadership behaviour as a key antecedent. Due to its prominent role within organizations, top management has the ability to greatly influence management innovation. In particular, we focus on leadership behaviour and examine transformational and transactional leadership. Additionally, as contextual variables like organizational size may influence the impact of leadership, we investigate its moderating role. Findings show that both leadership behaviours contribute to management innovation. Interestingly, our study indicates that smaller, less complex, organizations benefit more from transactional leadership in realizing management innovation. On the other hand, larger organizations need to draw on transformational leaders to compensate for their complexity and allow management innovation to flourish.     

The transfer paradox in a non-walrasian context

Conclusion This paper has illustrated the idea that Keynesian market inefficiencies could imply some paradoxical effects of the transfer. Therefore, it has something common with the Brecher and Bhagwati [1982] article on paradoxical effects in presence of internal inefficiencies. It is important to point out that our results on paradoxical effects are based on an asymmetry of markets: such an effect can only appear when only one of the two markets is Walrasian, and the other is Keynesian. We have also found that any improvement for the transferor will presumably imply a deterioration for the transferee. The main result of this paper is therefore to cast doubts on the theoretical consistency of global Keynesian policy proposals. Even if a massive transfer towards LDCs were to improve the real income of developed countries through Keynesian mechanisms, it would also presumably have an adverse effect on LDCs.

---

Zusammenfassung Das Transfer-Paradoxon in einer nicht-walrasianischen Welt - Der Aufsatz erl?utert die Idee, da\ keynesianische Marktunvollkommenheiten einige paradoxe Transferwirkungen implizieren. Hervorzuheben ist, da\ die Ergebnisse auf einer Asymmetrie der M?rkte beruhen. Eine solche Wirkung kann n?mlich nur dann eintreten, wenn einer der beiden M?rkte walrasianisch, der andere keynesianisch ist. Es hat sich herausgestellt, da\ jede Verbesserung für den Transfergeber vermutlich eine Verschlechterung für den Transfernehmer mit sich bringt. Dementsprechend ist das Hauptergebnis des Aufsatzes, an der theoretischen Konsistenz von globalen wirtschaftspolitischen Vorschl?gen keynesianischer Art Zweifel anzumelden. Selbst wenn ein massiver Transfer zugunsten von Entwicklungsl?ndern das Realeinkommen in Industriel?ndern über keynesianische Mechanismen verbessern sollte, dürfte er nachteilige Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklungsl?nder haben.

---

Résumé Le paradoxe de transfert en contexte non-Walrasien. - Dans cet article l’idée est illustrée que les inefficiences de marché à la Keynes pourraient impliquer quelques effets paradoxaux du transfert. Il est important de souligner que les résultats basent sur un asymétrie des marchés: un tel effet appara?t seulement si un des deux marchés est Walrasien et l’autre Keynésien. L’auteur démontre que chaque amélioration pour le donneur implique probablement aussi une détérioration pour le bénéficiaire. C’est pourquoi le résultat le plus important de cet article est de mettre en doute la consistance théorique des propos globaux de la politique Keynésienne. Même si un transfert massif en faveur des PVD augmenterait le revenu réel des pays développés par des mécanismes Keynésiens il aurait avoir probablement aussi un effet négatif sur les PVD.

---

Resumen La paradoja de la transferencia en un contexto no-walrasiano. - En este trabajo se ilustra la idea de que ineficiencias de mercado keynesianas podrían implicar algunos efectos paradójicos de la transferencia. Es importante hacer notar que los resultados sobre los efectos parad⤠cos están basados en la asimetría de mercados: tal efecto puede aparecer solo cuando uno de los mercados es walrasiano y el otro keynesiano. Asimismo encontramos que cualquier mejora para quien lleve a cabo la transferencia presumiblemente implica un deterioro para el receptor. El resultado más importante de este trabajo es que existen dudas sobre la consistencia teórica de propuestas keynesianas globales de política. A pesar de que una transferencia masiva en favor de los países en desarrollo pueda aumentar el ingreso real de los países desarrollados através del mecanismo keynesiano, también tendrá efectos adversos sobre los países en desarrollo.

     

Towards a New Standard Employment Relationship in Western Europe

This paper examines critically the concept of the standard employment relationship (SER), differentiating between form and substance. It explores the social functions served by the SER and its evolution in western Europe. Six major causes underpinning changes in the employment relationship are explored and the contours of a new more flexible SER developed. Two further social functions are added: equal access for men and women to the employment system, and increased internal flexibility in the workplace.