Does cross-listing in the US foster mergers and acquisitions and increase target shareholder wealth?

We examine the role of cross-listing in alleviating domestic market constraints and facilitating mergers and acquisitions. Our results show that cross-listing allows shareholders of target firms to extract higher takeover premiums relative to their non-cross-listed peers. Moreover, shareholders of Sarbanes–Oxley-compliant targets seem to benefit from a higher premium. We also find that cross-listed firms are more likely to be acquisition targets, consistent with the belief that cross-listing increases firms’ attractiveness and visibility on the market for corporate control. Our results are robust to various specifications and to the self-selection bias arising from the decision to cross-list.     

Job creation and job destruction in the presence of informal markets

In developing economies, the fraction of informal workers can be as high as 70% of total employment. For economies with significant informal sectors, business cycle fluctuations and labor market policy interventions can have important effects not only on the unemployment rate, but also on the allocation of workers across regulated and unregulated jobs. In this paper, using worker flows data from Brazil, we build, calibrate, and simulate a two-sector search and matching labor market model, in which firms have the choice of hiring workers formally or informally. We show that our model can explain well the main cyclical patterns that lead to those cyclical reallocations. We also show how the effect of government interventions in the labor market depend on the magnitude of the reallocation of labor across regulated and unregulated sectors. For our calibration, policies that decrease the cost of formal jobs, or increase the cost of informality, raise the share of formal employment while reducing unemployment.     

Het volksonderwijs onder de Javanen

Prijs-antwoord door J. F. G. Brumund,bekroond door de Maat-schappij tot Nut van 't Algemeen in Oost-Indie. —Batavia, van Haren Nomanen Kolff, 1857.(drukkerij van W. Bruining.)Deze aankondiging, ons reeds gernimen tijd toegezonden, is wegens plaatsgebrek niet vroeger kunnen opgenomen worden. Eed.     

EPA enforcement,firm response strategies,and stockholder wealth: an empirical examination

We investigate the effect of EPA pollution control enforcement activities and firm response strategies on stockholders' wealth. We find that the market reacts negatively upon learning that the firm has been targeted, and that losing a contest with the EPA is very costly to stockholders. Apparently firms are not expected to recover a significant part of pollution control costs from their customers. Somewhat surprisingly, losses are only weakly related to the presence of (unregulated) foreign competition, suggesting that untargeted domestic competitors may restrain cost recovery. Our analysis also indicates that firms may benefit by cooperating with the EPA; i.e., compliant strategies reduce (but don't avoid) wealth losses. The losses of firms that settle are about 40% less than those of firms that fight and lose, and we find no evidence of value gains for firms that fight and win. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surviving the EU? The future for national employment models in Europe

The claim by the European Union (EU) to be both the moderniser and the effective saviour of distinctive European ways of doing things is challenged by this review of the multi‐tiered influence of the EU on change in national models. Competition and macroeconomic policy is argued to be more significant than soft law in reshaping national models and in constraining innovation and change to meet new conditions. Lip service is paid by the EU to different paths of development, but the contradictions and synergies across institutional and policy approaches that underpin the notion of varieties of capitalism go unrecognised. European employment models are seen as primarily contributing to social protection, but the potential role for distinctive models to promote comparative advantage, as under varieties of capitalism analysis, is not on the policy agenda.     

The Pólya distribution

De Pólya verdeling is een zeer algemene verdeling voor een discrete variabele afhankelijk van 3 parameters. In dit artikel worden de verschillende wijzen waarop de Pdlya verdeling kan ontstaan en de verschillende vormen waarop zij kan worden beschreven samengevat.
Voorts worden de momenten bepaald en enige belangrijke eigenschappen in verband met de steekproeftheorie besproken. Tenslotte wordt aangetoond dat bekende discrete verdelingen zoals de binomiale, of de Poisson verdeling, en continue verdelingen als de exponentiële en de gamma verdeling kunnen worden opgevat als speciale gevallen van de Pdlya verdeling of uit deze door een limiet-overgang kunnen worden afgeleid. De samenhang met deze undere verdelingen is overzichtelijk samengevat in de Tabellen 1 en 2.
Vaak hebben auteurs de Pdlya verdeling onafhankelijk van elkaar afgeleid in verschillende vorm zonder dat zij hebben onderkend met een reeds bekende verdeling te maken te hebben. Hopelijk zal dit artikel ertoe bijdragen om aan een zekere verwarring een eind te maken.