基于密切值改进TOPSIS的低碳经济评价研究

低碳经济是应对气候变化的必然选择,如何全面客观地评价一个国家或经济体低碳经济发展水平成为低碳经济研究中迫切需要解决的问题.本文充分考虑低碳经济发展规划和目标,采取修正的TOPSIS方法构建低碳经济评价模型.针对传统TOPSIS方法中存在两个不足:一是相对贴近度计算中将被评价对象到"正理想解"和到"负理想解"的距离直接相加,正向指标和负向指标直接相加是不合理的;二是传统的TOPSIS方法忽略了被评价对象与"正理想解"和"负理想解"的距离的权重分配问题.本文提出利用密切值法对传统TOPSIS方法进行修正,解决到正负理想解两个距离的组合问题.首先,通过密切值的引入将被评价对象到"正理想解"和"负理想解"的距离转化为同向指标,保证了两个距离可以进行运算;然后,对两个距离进行归一化,保证两个距离在相同的数量级上,保证备选方案到正理想解的距离和到负理想解的距离起相当的作用,再根据决策者的偏好,对两个归一化的距离进行权重分配,保证两个距离分配的权重确实体现了决策者的意愿;最后,通过对秦皇岛市的低碳经济评价验证修正TOPSIS评价模型在低碳经济评价下的可行性和有效性,解决了评价指标有目标约束下的低碳经济评价问题.     

异质性科技人力资源对劳动收入份额影响的实证研究

使用中国大陆省级地区2008—2019年的面板数据从多个维度对科技人力资源对劳动收入份额的影响进行研究.结果显示:科技人力资源在东部地区与劳动收入份额同向变动,在中西部地区与劳动收入份额反向变动;高科技人力资源地区对劳动收入份额有显著正向影响,低科技人力资源地区对劳动收入份额有显著负向影响.在保证研究结论稳健性的基础上提出了对应的建议.     

装配式混凝土填充墙对框架结构抗震性能影响的实践研究

随着工业化速度的不断加快,传统建筑方式已经不适合当下建筑行业的发展,而混凝土浇筑也无法真正实现建筑工业化,进而装配式建筑应运而生。而填充墙影响着整体框架结构的抗震性能、承载力及刚度等等,是装配式建筑可持续发展的必然内容。本文主要探究装配式混凝土填充墙对框架结构抗震性能的影响,并分析混凝土填充墙的高宽比及各项影响框架结构抗震性能的因素,综合分析混凝土填充墙发框架结构的承载力及刚度,为装配式混凝土填充墙建设提供参考。     

Assessment of the effects of targeted poverty alleviation policy on differently poverty-stricken households: A multi-propensity score weighting model

Eliminating poverty is a multifaceted global challenge and a focal point of global development governance. With the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation (TPA), China's poverty alleviation efforts have had significant achievements. This study provides a new perspective by classifying poverty-stricken households based on poverty root causes at the household level, a multi-propensity score weighting model based on counterfactual inference is employed to examine the poverty reduction effect and policy precision on six non-equivalent poverty-stricken household groups in a Chinese county. The results reveal that the poverty reduction effects differed among poverty-stricken households with different root causes of poverty. Specifically, households impoverished due to disability have the lowest income of the six groups. The assistance policy effects also vary significantly and are found to be poorly suited to poverty-stricken households a lack of labor force and funds. A robustness test confirms this conclusion and a more nuanced analysis reveals that these differences are reflected in the wage and transfer incomes. Therefore, to ensure the stability of poverty reduction and the sustainability of income for poverty-stricken households, relevant associated aid policies need to place different emphases based on their household characteristics.     

Examining energy poverty in Chinese households: An Engel curve approach

This article is first to model energy poverty in Chinese households using an Engel curve approach. To analyse the determinants of energy poverty and energy expenditures across households, we avail the 2015 wave of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). Possible presence of endogeneity is accounted for in the model specification as well as by using the Lewbel heteroscedasticity identified endogenous variables estimator. In addition, we are the first to scrutinise disparity and discrimination by conducting the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition of energy poverty model by gender, ethnicity, region (Eastern vs. non-Eastern provinces), and urbanisation status (rural vs. urban residents). Our analysis shows: (i) education is the key determinant of various energy poverty measures and energy expenditure shares across Chinese households; (ii) other determinants including fossil fuel mix and electricity price discrimination are found to worsen energy poverty, on average. However, fossil fuel mix is found to increase expenditure share of total energy, electricity, and coal and decrease that of biomass; and (iii) the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analyses show no statistically significant gender or ethnic discrimination in energy poverty rates. However, there is substantial divide between Eastern and non-Eastern provinces and between rural and urban households—with these groups also discriminated against when accessing clean cooking fuels and technologies. The Blinder–Oaxaca results also generally support the logistic and the Lewbel energy poverty model findings.     

The Australian Economy in 2022–23: Inflation and Higher Interest Rates in a Post-COVID-19 World

Record levels of domestic and global stimulus during the COVID-19 pandemic years helped to mitigate largely unparalleled downside risks. Post-COVID-19, inflation surged in Australia due to overseas factors such as the war in Ukraine, and domestic factors such as COVID-related backlogs in the construction sector. To constrain inflation, the Reserve Bank shifted to a phase of aggressive monetary policy tightening in 2022. There are, however, cost of living ramifications associated with tighter monetary policy. Looking forward, there is significant uncertainty about the rate at which inflation will normalise, and the spending response of consumers to higher interest rates.     

林业生态效率:时空特征与影响因素--基于我国31个省份数据的实证分析

利用2007—2018年我国31省份的面板数据,使用三阶段DEA模型和多元线性回归模型探析我国林业生态效率的时空特征与影响因素。实证结果表明:我国林业生态效率呈现明显的时间波动趋势,先下降后上升;东北部地区林业生态效率值最高,其次是东部地区、西部地区和中部地区;林业用地面积、营林固定资产投资、林业从业人数和林业能耗对林业生态效率产生显著影响。     

Business ethics in China and Iceland—Contrasts and convergence

It is generally accepted that cultural differences affect individuals' approaches to ethics, but how are the effects of culture manifested in perceptions of ethics? Further, how are cultural differences displayed in such ethics-related actions as recommendations for business ethics education? Managers' responses from two starkly different cultures, China and Iceland, reveal, somewhat surprisingly, that one group's top business ethics concerns and business ethics education recommendations are at the bottom of the other group's rankings, and vice-versa, yet each appears reasonable given the cultural background. This shows how nuanced the expression of cultural differences in the realm of ethics can be and how potential practical steps may rely on perceived “top” ethical issues. Together, these findings imply that there is more to explore about the role of culture on ethical reasoning and behavior than researchers have examined to date. We provide suggestions for further research and practical applications.     

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The physical mechanism of the dynamics in laser–material interaction has been an important research area. In addition to theoretical analysis, direct imaging-based observation of ultrafast dynamic processes is an important approach to understand many fundamental issues in laser–material interaction such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF), laser accelerator construction, and advanced laser production. In this review, the principles and applications of three types of commonly used ultrafast imaging methods are introduced, including the pump–probe, X-ray diagnosis, and single-shot optical burst imaging. We focus on the technical features such as the spatial and temporal resolution for each technique, and present several conventional applications.