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151.
J. Barry Mason Morris L. Mayer Anthony Koh 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1985,13(3):161-182
Retailers are now implementing the types of formal marketing planning programs that have long characterized consumer goods
firms. The functional marketing plans that are developed tend to be a year or less in duration. The primary responsibility
for developing the plans resides with the general merchandise manager. The planning efforts of the retailing executive, in
spite of their short term nature, do reflect an awareness of the importance of understanding the strengths and weaknesses
of competitors and of the need to spell out issues involving profit planning, sales promotion planning, merchandise addition/deletion
decisions, and issues involving inventory/physical distribution. A variety of marketing plans are developed. Separate plans
are developed by merchandise lines in many organizations.
The authors wish to express their appreciation to The Conference Board for permission to use the questionnaire, with modifications,
underlying research for The Marketing Plan, Report No. 801, The Conference Board, 1981, as the basis for formulating the questionnaire
used in this research 相似文献
152.
Barry Craven 《Economic Affairs》1985,6(2):32-32
The growth in government spending and its resistance to reform can be explained through the activities of interest groups. Barry Craven (right), of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Polytechnic, offers local experince to reinforce the argument of Rosalind Levaćić pp.4–8. 相似文献
153.
While Chenoweth and Feitelson have done a service to the futures community by comparing the Global 2000 Report with The Resourceful Earth-two important books of the late 1970s/early 1980s—their comparison is flawed in three dimensions: (1) they treat the books as though they were intended to be accurate predictions of the future. Their intention, instead, was to influence public policy in certain, often contrasting, directions; (2) by using in 2000 the same data sources the two books used in the 1970s (rather than better data sources available now, but not then), the authors' comparative conclusions are often flawed; and (3) in spite of this, their own conclusions often do not seem to follow from the comparative data they present: using only the data the two authors present, The Resourceful Earth does not appear to have been more ‘accurate’ in ‘predicting’ the year 2000 than was the Global 2000 report. 相似文献
154.
Jim Y. Jin 《The German Economic Review》2001,2(2):99-111
Strategic cost reduction requires cost transparency. When unilateral cost revelation is feasible, strategic cost reduction indeed arises as equilibrium. If it is not feasible, however, credible revelation has to be organized, possibly by a trade association. Then, firms face a prisoners' dilemma: in Cournot duopoly, cost revelation arises as an equilibrium, but hurts firms; in Bertrand duopoly, cost concealing is the equilibrium, while firms would be better off with cost revelation. Since cost revelation is socially desirable (undesirable) in Cournot (Bertrand) competition, it should be encouraged (discouraged). 相似文献
155.
Jeremy Clark Bonggeun Kim Richie Poulton Barry Milne 《The Canadian journal of economics》2006,39(4):1151-1172
Abstract . Young people with little 'social or health capital' may be more likely to take up hazardous consumption and shun investments in human capital, raising their likelihood of a 'rags to rags' sequence. First, diminishing marginal utility could raise the marginal benefit of hazardous consumption and the cost of investment. But poor youths may also have lower expectations of future success, independent of the choices they make. Lower expectations of success could reduce the future cost of hazardous consumption and benefit of investment. We test the effect of expectations on decisions to smoke, drink hazardously, exercise, and complete high school, using a longitudinal study of youth in New Zealand. We find that 15-year-olds' expectations of success predict the subsequent onset of smoking, lack of exercise, and failure to complete high school, but not hazardous drinking. While some of the influence of expectations can be explained by low social and health capital, IQ, and other factors, expectations retain a direct effect on smoking and exercise once these other factors are controlled for. 相似文献
156.
Rudolf R. Sinkovics Jim Bell Kenneth R. Deans 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2004,2(1-2):125-137
Many researchers claim that the use of web-based learning tools and information and communication technology (ICT) will revolutionize traditional learning methods in university contexts and fundamentally change the process of how knowledge is gathered and disseminated. However, there are conflicting views regarding the benefits of these techniques and actual learning outcomes. This paper posits that by using ICT and particularly the Web as a dynamic and integrating learning tool, several strategic competencies can be deployed and that the international knowledge, skills and competencies of entrepreneurship students can be radically enhanced. In light of an extensive literature review on research in the field, suggestions are provided for using the Web as a comprehensive teaching tool. 相似文献
157.
158.
Tax expert Barry Bracewell-Milnes shows how income tax could be completely abolished by the year 2015 or sooner. 相似文献
159.
Exchange rate expectations and foreign direct investment flows 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Exchange Rate Expectations and Foreign Direct Investment Flows. — Theories about exchange rate expectations are difficult
to check empirically. We study FDI data to find indirect evidence on the formation of exchange rate expectations by foreign
direct investors. Using panel data techniques on exchange rate movements and FDI flows from the United States to 20 OECD countries
we find that skewness of devaluations has a robust positive impact on FDI flows while average devaluation and its volatility
do not. We view this evidence as consistent with the hypothesis that relatively large exchange rate movements generate mean-reverting
long-run expectations. This finding is consistent with survey-based evidence on exchange rate expectations. 相似文献
160.