Intermarket network externalities and competition: An application to the media industry

Intermarket network externalities occur when the utility of a good produced in a given industry varies with the size of the demand for a good produced in another. A particularly significant example of this phenomenon is provided by the interaction between the media and advertising industries. Media consumers vary according to their willingness to pay for a media good, which depends on the advertising volume. In the advertising market, advertisers vary according to their willingness to pay for an advertisement, which also depends positively on the audience reached. We model a situation of competition between two content providers who are rivals in both the media and advertising industries, choosing simultaneously the newspaper prices and the advertising rates. We characterize the equilibria of the game and explore how they depend on audience attitudes towards advertising. Our main finding is that two-sided interactions may induce exit by one of the media companies from either only the advertising market or both markets.     

Carcinoid of the intrahepatic ducts

Carcinoid tumors of the biliary tree are rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intrahepatic ductal carcinoid and the thirteenth reported case of biliary carcinoid. The radiographic appearance is variable. A brief review of the previously described cases is presented.     

Strategic partnerships in Canadian advanced materials

The analysis of technical (R&D) collaborations in Canadian advanced materials industries show strong interactions between producers, users, government laboratories and universities. Management patterns show the predominance of flexible governance structures: long-term agreements instead of joint ventures, two-member partnerships, and collective management. Most of the alliances involve two or three partners, usually a producer, a user and/or a university or government laboratory. Advantages (gaining complementary assets, accelerated innovation, financing and R&D economies of scale among others) outnumber difficulties, thus bringing some evidence against the usefulness of the transaction cost approach to the study of technical alliances in advanced materials. The vast majority of the partnerships were entirely domestic (i.e. did not include foreign partners). The study was conducted on a sample of 30 Canadian private firms (both producers and users) and 6 government corporations and public research laboratories.     

Generalized cumulative residual entropy and record values

The Shannon entropy of a random variable has become a very useful tool in Probability Theory. In this paper we extend the concept of cumulative residual entropy introduced by Rao et al. (in IEEE Trans Inf Theory 50:1220–1228, 2004). The new concept called generalized cumulative residual entropy (GCRE) is related with the record values of a sequence of i.i.d. random variables and with the relevation transform. We also consider a dynamic GCRE obtained using the residual lifetime. For these concepts we obtain some characterization results, stochastic ordering and aging classes properties and some relationships with other entropy concepts.     

Identity Orientation,Organizational Identification,and Leadership Involvement

The present study relies on theories of authentic and relational leadership, as well as the identity orientation model, to study leadership involvement in volunteer organizations. We propose that self‐expression and social cohesion—the opportunity organizational membership provides people to express who they are and to develop social relationships—are related to organizational identification and leadership involvement. We posit that self‐expression and social cohesion satisfy personal and relational identification motives and increase organizational identification—a form of identification with a collective—which in turn affect leadership involvement. The hypotheses are tested using structural equations modeling using a sample of 210 professional association members, a nonwork sample that reduces the influence of extrinsic rewards on leadership involvement.     

Bank Competition and Loan Quality

We analyze the impact of bank competition on the equilibrium quality of loans in a formal model where banks do not observe the type of loan applicants, i.e. face an adverse selection problem, nor borrowers’ effort, i.e. also face a moral hazard problem. The main finding is that there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and the average quality of loans. Policy implications are derived from this result and from an extension to the basic model where banks may sequentially acquire information about potential borrowers.     

Exploring the relation between the r* approximation and the Edgeworth expansion

In this paper we study the relation between the r* saddlepoint approximation and the Edgeworth expansion when quite general assumptions for the statistic under consideration are fulfilled. We will show that the two term Edgeworth expansion approximates the r* formula up to an O(n ^?3/2) remainder; this provides a new way of looking at the order of the error of the r* approximation. This finding will be used to inspect the close connection between the r* formula and the Edgeworth B adjustment introduced in Phillips (Biometrika 65:91–98, 1978). We will show that, whenever an Edgeworth expansion exists, this adjustment approximates both the distribution function of the statistic and the r* formula to the same order degree as the Edgeworth expansion. Some numerical examples for the sample mean and U-statistics are given in order to shed light on the theoretical discussion.